<p>Kankaria Lake, formerly known as Hauj-e-Qutb, is the second largest lake in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It is located in the south-eastern part of the city, in the Maninagar area. It was completed in 1451 during the reign of Sultan Qutb-ud-Din Ahmad Shah II though its origin is placed in the Chaulukya period sometimes. A lakefront is developed around it, which has many public attractions such as a zoo, toy train, kids city, tethered balloon ride, water rides, water park, food stalls, and entertainment facilities. The lakefront was revamped in 2008. Kankaria Carnival is a week-long festival held here in the last week of December. Many cultural, art, and social activities are organised during the carnival.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Several stories are told for its name Kankaria. One reason said is that it was named thus due to large quantities of limestone (kankar in Gujarati) dug out of it during excavation. Another story narrates that the Sultan Qutb-ud-Din asked the saint Shah Alam to select the site for the tank and the garden. The saint scattered some pebbles at the site which was excavated and the lake was built. Thus it was named Kankaria. Another story says the saint Hazrat-i-Shah Alam cut his foot on a pebble while passing through excavation and exclaimed, "What a pebble!" So it was named Kankaria (pebbly). It was mentioned as Hauj-e-Qutb (the tank of Qutb) after the Sultan Qutb-ud-Din in the inscription at Kankaria.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There are various versions of its origin. According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, Chaulukya ruler Karna built a temple dedicated to the goddess Kochharba at Ashapalli after defeating the its Bhil chief Asha. He also established the Karnavati city nearby, where he commissioned the Karneshvara/Karnamukteshwara and Jayantidevi temples. He also built the Karnasagara tank at Karnavati next to Karneshvara temple. Karnavati is identified with modern Ahmedabad and Karnasagar tank is identified with Kankaria lake but this identification is not certain. Another version attributes the lake to the Kankana Devi from which it takes its name.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the lake started by Sultan Muizz-ud-Din Muhammad Shah II in the 15th century. The inscription at the lake mentions that it was, it was completed during the reign of Sultan Qutb-ud-Din Ahmad Shah II in 1451. According to this plate, its name is placed as "Hauj-e-Qutb" (Pond of Qutb) after him. Whether the lake existed before this and was only widened or deepened in 1452 or whether it was created from scratch at that time is something that still remains unresolved.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the period of the Gujarat Sultanate and of Mughal rule, the Kankaria lake with its Nagina Bagh were the favourite leisure place of rulers and the people and it were among the tourist sights of Ahmedabad ever since. The European travellers of the seventeenth century, Pietro Della Valle (1623), Johan Albrecht de Mandelslo (1638), Jean de Thévenot (l666), all had visited the lake gave its accounts. Mandelslo who visited Gujarat during the reign of Shah Jahan wrote in 1638,</p><br>
<p>British artist James Forbes visited Ahmadabad in 1781 after the fall of Mughal Empire when Ahmedabad was under Maratha rule. He found the gardens at lake neglected, the summer-palace in ruins and the bridge with 48 stone arches connecting Nagina Baug island to the bank in dilapidated condition. He specially noted a species of palmyra in the Nagina Baug which is very uncommon. The tree grown in a straight stem very high and then spreading several branches of with a tuft of sprading leaves at the end of each branch. It is still there. After a century, when Ahmedabad was under the British rule, the Kankaria lake was restored by the Collector of the district, Borradalle in 1872. A road was built from the Raipur gate to the lake. The high banks of the lake were organised and the trees were planted on them. Of the original arched bridge, a small portion was restored and the rest of length is made with earther bank. In the island, the steps were restored on all four sides, the ancient well was cleared out, the fountain and the pleasure house were restored. the new pierced parapet wall built. In 1879, it was proposed to connect the lake with Khari river by 11 miles long canal and supply water to Chandola lake but it never materialised.</p><br>
<p>In 1928, Kankaria was declared protected under the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act.</p><br>
<p>The central garden and the walkway had been revamped and utilities are enhanced by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation in 2007-2008. Upon completion of the renovation, the lake was officially inaugurated on 25 December 2008 in a week long event known as "Kankaria Carnival".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir is 34-sided regular polygon covering area of 76 acres and having shore length of and quarter mile. It is surrounded by flight of cut stone steps. At six places, it has slopes instead of steps to reach water which is covered by square cupolas each raised on 12 pillars.</p><br>
<p>At one point of the circular lake, there opens a viaduct which connects the a garden called Nagina Wadi or formerly known as Bagh-e-Nagina (which means beautiful garden in Urdu), an island located in the centre of the lake, to the bank. The viaduct was formed by 48 arches in past. It is mentioned as "the Jewel (Nagina) in the centre of the Ring of lake" in Mirat-e-Ahmadi. There is a pleusure house at Nagina Wadi known as Ghattamandal. Later the garden was surrounded by new parapet wall constructed by the British during its restoration.</p><br>
<p>It had a water purification system but it has been lost with the time. There are supply suice of the east side of lake which are well carved. The buttresses are well carved which resembles based on minarates of the mosques in Ahmedabad. There is a six feet thick screen between the buttresses or jambs which is carefully carved and is punctured by three large opening for inflow of water. These openings are six feet in diametre and the margin of it is beautifully carved.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions</h2><br>
<h3>Kankaria Zoo</h3><br>
<p>Kankaria Zoo, officially Kamla Nehru Zoological Garden, was established by Rueben David in 1951 spread over 21 acres. It was rated the best zoo in Asia in 1974. They are 450 mammals, 2,000 birds, 140 reptiles in a 31-acre zoo. It houses wild animals like tigers, lions, python, anaconda, snakes, elephants, albino (white) animals like the rhesus monkey, spotted deer, white blackbuck, chinkara, elephant, emu, jungle babbler, bush-quail and common palm civet. Kankaria Zoo has also bred of rare species like pythons, crocodiles, bearcats and wild asses. Reuben David was awarded Padma Shri in 1974 for it.</p><br>
<h3>Balvatika</h3><br>
<p>It is a children&#39;s park named after Jawaharlal Nehru. Balvatika has a boat house, playroom, butterfly and weapon displays, mirror house, toy house and planetarium. Presently most part of the park is under renovation.</p><br>
<h3>Amusement Park</h3><br>
<p>Netherlands based company installed five rides in the amusement park in 2014. It includes the Boomerang Roller Coaster, the Flipping Arm, the Torching Tower, Disk O pendulum and the merry-go-round. It will also have a kids play zone for computer games.</p><br>
<h3>Kids City</h3><br>
<p>Kids City is a miniature world designed for kids. It is spread in 4240 sq.metre area having 18 activity centres including banks, fire station, science lab, radio station, police station, court room and prison, dental as well as medical hospital, theatre, BRTS, heritage gallery, town governance, IT centre, News room, ice-cream factory, etc. AMC had applied for copyrights and patents on the individual games in the premises, the unique point system, Virmo (Virtual Money) and the design of the different venues in games.</p><br>
<h3>Toy Trains</h3><br>
<p>A train named Atal Express (Named after Atal Bihari Vajpayee on his birthday 25 December 2008) was imported from London, the train circles the lake on a 2.3 km track at a speed of 10 km/h. The train has the capacity to carry 150 passengers, including 36 adults. The train is manufactured by Severn Lamb. During the first 11 months of introducing the train, it attracted nearly a million visitors. After the success of this train, another train was also started which named Swarnim Jayanti Express. All trains on the railway, and hence the railway itself, are narrow gauge.</p><br>
<h3>Balloon Safari</h3><br>
<p>Ahmedabad Eye is a tethered balloon ride set up near Kankaria Lake after renovation. The tethered balloon complex spread over 3000 square yard, is divided into four sections including a restaurant, tethered balloon, heritage exhibit and an exhibition displaying the making of the Ahmedabad Eye. SKYZ is a balloon themed restaurant located at the Ahmedabad Eye complex. It is managed by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. Rainforest theme restaurant is also there.</p><br>
<h3>Nagina Wadi</h3><br>
<p>Nagina Wadi is an island in center of Kankaria Lake. It houses a small summer palace originally built for Mughal royals. Nagina Wadi is accessed by a straight, tree-lined walkway traversing half of the lake. In 2009, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and Amrapali Group built a musical fountain with multicolored laser lights which are displayed during the night. Food stalls are also there.</p><br>
<h3>Stone Mural Park</h3><br>
<p>Indias biggest Stone Mural Park named Gurjar Gaurav Gatha on the side walls of the circular lake in which sculptors are depicting, in pink sand stone, the history and rise of Gujarat is under construction. It has murals covering 3150 sq feet depicting the history of Ahmedabad right now but when completed, it will measure 6000 feet in length and will be worlds largest mural (30000 sq.metre).</p><br>
<p>Following subjects are being included in murals: folklores and history of Ahmedabad, great rulers of Gujarat, ports, commerce and good practices(ethical business-trade traditions), education, freedom fight, cultural heritage, art and literature, expression of culture, today’s Gujarat, global Gujaratis, selected stories of common Gujaratis in past centuries. It will also includes stories about ancient sage Dadhichi, Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel, Jhaverchand Meghani and Indulal Yagnik.</p><br>
<h3>Dutch and Armenian tombs</h3><br>
<p>The Dutch and Armenian tombs are on One Tree Hill embankment which shows the strong trade presence of the Dutch East India Company in the city during the 17th century. They are Saracenic in style with domes and pillars. The dates of the tombs are deciphered which range from 1641 to 1699. The Armenian tombs perhaps belonged to brokers in the Dutch factory.</p><br>
<h3>Joyrides</h3><br>
<p>Segways are introduced for people for easy movement around lake. A mini golf course; Aqua Kart and other water sports; Vertical Swing, Paint Ball Shooting, Black Flash and rides, Sky Fly and other joyrides were introduced.</p><br>
<h3>Other</h3><br>
<p>Other attractions include historical Dadu Dayal temple, Natural History Museum, desert safari, aquarium, gardens like One Tree Hill garden, Butterfly Park, football ground, water sports and rides, open-air theatre, Jaldhara water park, boating and small amusement park. It is a good place for yoga, walking, and running, especially early morning. There is also a gym on campus known as Ambubhai Purani Vyayamshala.</p><br>
<p>Mount Wachusett is a mountain in Massachusetts. It straddles towns of Princeton and Westminster, in Worcester County. It is the highest point in Massachusetts east of the Connecticut River. The mountain is named after a Native American term meaning "near the mountain" or "mountain place". The mountain is a popular hiking and skiing destination . An automobile road, open spring to fall, ascends to the summit. Views from the top of Mount Wachusett include Mount Monadnock to the north, Mount Greylock to the west, southern Vermont to the northwest, and Boston to the east. The mountain is traversed by the 92 mi Midstate Trail. It is also home to the Wachusett Mountain State Reservation.</p><br>
<p>A band of old growth forest along rock ledges 500 ft below the summit supports trees from 150 to 370 years old. Covering 220 acre, it is the largest known old growth forest east of the Connecticut River in Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Wachusett Mountain is a glaciated monadnock: a single mountain on a relatively flat landscape. Glacial activity that shaped the mountain can be seen at Balance Rock on the northeast side of the mountain: two large boulders were stacked one on top of each other by moving glaciers thousands of years ago.</p><br>
<p>Wachusett Mountain is bordered to the south by Little Wachusett Mountain and Brown Hill, to the north by Church Rock, to the east by Pine Hill, and to the northeast by the Crow Hills. The nearest mountain of comparable size is Mount Watatic, 1,832 feet (558 m), 12 mi to the north on the New Hampshire border in Ashburnham, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The west side of Wachusett Mountain drains into the east branch of the Ware River, thence into the Chicopee River, the Connecticut River, and Long Island Sound. The south side drains into the Quinapoxet River, the Nashua River, thence the Merrimack River and the Atlantic Ocean. The east side drains into the Stillwater River, thence the Nashua River. The north side drains into the Nashua River through a series of small reservoirs.</p><br>
<h2>Ski Area & Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Wachusett Mountain is home to a 25-trail ski area serviced by 3 high speed quads, 1 fixed-grip triple and 3 carpet lifts. It features approximately 1,000 ft of vertical, a 50,000 ft&sup2; base lodge, 100% snowmaking and night skiing on 18 trails. The mountain also maintains a terrain park and a jump called the Main Event. Due to its location, it is a popular skiing destination for residents of nearby Worcester and Boston. The ski area is located within the boundaries of the Wachusett Mountain State Reservation on a 450 acre lease parcel on the northern slopes of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>There is an annual 6.2 mile (10 km) road race each May sponsored by the Central Mass Striders.</p><br>
<p>Stands of old growth hardwood forest on Mount Wachusett became the object of a 2003 court ruling in favor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in joint contract with the ski area regarding plans for a ski slope expansion into an environmental buffer zone around the old growth stand. The old growth forest contains trees over 350 years old; the buffer zone contained mature trees about half that age. The Sierra Club and other conservation organizations criticized the ruling and two members of Earth First! staged a sit-in protest by climbing into the crowns of several of the trees in the area slated to be clear cut. As of 2007 wording on the website of the Wachusett Mountain Ski Area included strong language prohibiting skiers and snow boarders from entering the old growth area: "Anyone found entering old growth areas will have their lift ticket revoked. Subsequent offenses will be subject to fines."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before european colonialism, Wachusett was the home of the Nipmuc tribe. The tribe has been confined to a four-and-a-half acre reservation outside Grafton, Massachusetts, which began as an "Indian Plantation" in 1654. The general feeling towards the ski resort among Nipmucs is that it is an injustice. Some hope to someday use the mountain as a proper Nipmuc cultural center.</p><br>
<p>Skaramagkas  is a port town in the western part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece. It is part of the municipality of Chaidari. It is known for its large shipyard.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Skaramagkas is situated on the east coast of the Bay of Eleusis, a bay of the Saronic Gulf. The Aigaleo mountain to the east separates it from Athens and Piraeus. Skaramagkas is 5 km west of Chaidari town centre, 6 km south of Aspropyrgos, 7 km southeast of Eleusis, 9 km northwest of Piraeus and 11 km west of Athens city centre. Greek National Road 8 (the old Athens - Corinth - Patras road) passes through Skaramagkas.</p><br>
<h2>Shipyard</h2><br>
<p>Since 1937 Skaramagkas harbour has been home to a shipyard of the Hellenic Navy. After destruction in World War II, it was refounded as a commercial shipyard in 1957, the Hellenic Shipyards Co. In 2002, the port became entirely owned by a German group of investors under the industrial leadership of Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, which became a subsidiary of ThyssenKrupp in 2005.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the Skaramagkas harbour was the scene of an experiment carried out by Greek scientist Ioannis Sakkas, to test whether or not it was possible for Archimedes to use focused sunlight as a "heat ray" to burn Roman ships during the Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BC). This event is mentioned in ancient accounts but often doubted by modern historians. In the 1973 experiment at Skaramagkas harbour, 70 mirrors with a copper coating, such as were available in Archimedes&#39; time, did focus enough sunlight to set on fire a plywood mock-up of a Roman warship at a distance of around 50 m.</p><br>
<p>Between November 1978 and May 1979, the Greek destroyer Tombazis underwent structural modifications at the shipyard.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>The Leeward Islands  are the western part of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the South Pacific. They lie south of the Line Islands , east of the Cooks and north of the Austral Islands . Their area is 395 km² with a population of over 33,000. The islands to the west comprise a three atoll group: Manuae , Motu One atoll , lying most northerly of the Leeward Islands, and to the southeast Maupihaa atoll . More to the east lies a mainly high island cluster consisting of Maupiti , Tupai atoll, Bora Bora , the most known of the Leeward Islands in the western world due to its World War II United States naval base and subsequent tourism industry, Tahaa , lying just north of the largest island of the group, Raiatea  which possesses the largest city and local capital of the Leeward Islands, namely Uturoa, as well as the highest elevation, the just over 1,000 m mount Tefatua, and finally the easternmost island of the group, Huahine  which at high tide is divided into two: Huahine Nui  to the north and Huahine Iti  to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The archipelago comprises an administrative division (subdivision administrative) of French Polynesia. The capital of the Leeward Islands administrative subdivision is Uturoa. The Leeward Islands (subdivision administrative des Îles Sous-le-vent) are one of French Polynesias five administrative subdivisions. The administrative subdivision is identical with the electoral district of the Leeward Islands, one of French Polynesias 6 electoral districts for the Assembly of French Polynesia (see also Politics of French Polynesia).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first European to encounter the archipelago was James Cook on 12 April 1769 during the British expedition to observe the transit of Venus. It is a common misconception that on this first voyage (he subsequently revisited the islands twice), he named the Leeward group of islands "Society" in honor of the Royal Society. However, Cook records in his journal that he named the islands Society as they are in close proximity to each other.</p><br>
<p>After France declared a protectorate over Tahiti in 1840, the British and French signed the Jarnac Convention, in 1847, declaring that the kingdoms of Raiatea, Huahine and Bora Bora were to remain independent from either powers and that no single chief was to be allowed to reign over the entire archipelago. France eventually broke the agreement, and the islands were annexed and became a colony in 1888 (eight years after the Windward Islands) after many native resistances and conflicts called the Leewards War, lasting until 1897.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The islands are mountainous, consisting of volcanic rock. They are formed of trachyte, dolerite and basalt. There are raised coral beds high up the mountains, and lava occurs in a variety of forms, even in solid flows. Volcanic activity ceased so long ago that the craters have been almost entirely obliterated by erosion.</p><br>
<h3>Flora and Fauna</h3><br>
<p>Flora includes breadfruit, pandanus, and coconut palms. The limited terrestrial fauna includes feral pigs, rats, and small lizards. There are several species of freshwater fish inhabiting the small streams on the islands, but the fringing coral reefs around the islands exhibit a dazzling array of fish and other salt water-dwelling species.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Tourism is the mainstay of the economy. Agriculturally, the major products are copra, sugar, rum, mother-of-pearl, and vanilla.</p><br>
<h2>The islands include</h2><br>
<p>Raiatea (largest island of the group); Tahitian names: Hava&#39;i, Ioretea</p><br>
<p>Huahine which at high tide is divided into two islands, Huahine Nui ("big Huahine") to the north and Huahine Iti ("small Huahine") to the south; Tahitian name: Mata&#39;irea</p><br>
<p>Tahaa; Tahitian name: Uporu</p><br>
<p>Bora Bora; Tahitian name: Vava&#39;u</p><br>
<p>Tupai; Tahitian name: Motu Iti</p><br>
<p>Maupiti; Tahitian name: Maurua</p><br>
<p>Manuae (also known as Scilly Atoll)</p><br>
<p>Maupihaa (also known as Mopelia)</p><br>
<p>Motu One (also known as Bellinghausen)</p><br>
<p>Lake Wolfgang  is a lake in Austria that lies mostly within the state of Salzburg and is one of the best known lakes in the Salzkammergut resort region. The municipalities on its shore are Strobl, St. Gilgen with the villages of Abersee and Ried as well as the market town of St. Wolfgang in the state of Upper Austria. The town and the lake are named after Saint Wolfgang of Regensburg, who, according to legend, built the first church here in the late 10th century.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Lake Wolfgang stretches about 10.5 kilometres from the northwest to the southeast. It is divided into two parts by a peninsula, called die Enge (the Narrow), situated roughly in the middle of its southern shore opposite St. Wolfgang, where the breadth is no more than 200 metres. The western portion of the lake at St. Gilgen is known as the Abersee.</p><br>
<p>The lake has an area of about 12.9 to 13.1 km² and is surrounded by the Salzkammergut mountain range. On the northern side, the Schafberg is located. A rack railway, the Schafbergbahn leads up to the summit at 1,782 m. Due to the steep shore at its foot only a footpath connects St. Wolfgang and the village of Ried with St. Gilgen along the Falkensteinwand, the set of the Bergpsalmen ("mountain psalms") lyric anthology written by Joseph Viktor von Scheffel in 1870. In the south and southwest of Lake Wolfgang lies the Osterhorngruppe, with heights up to 1,800 metres. Directly south of St. Gilgen rises the Zwölferhorn (1,521 m), which can be visited by cable car.</p><br>
<p>The settlements around the lake, especially St. Wolfgang and St. Gilgen are popular resort towns, mainly in summer. The Gasthaus Weißes Rössl at St. Wolfgang is the set of the famous 1897 operetta The White Horse Inn by Ralph Benatzky, performed throughout the world and filmed several times. Furthermore, the area around the lake was the location of several Heimatfilm movies, suggesting an untouched alpine idyll. Because Lake Wolfgang has been the vacation resort of former German chancellor Helmut Kohl for many years, the film director Christoph Schlingensief made the lake a site of his Chance 2000 project of 1998 when he invited "Germanys four million unemployed" to take a bath in the lake and flood Kohls residence.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The Bundesstraße B158 from Bad Ischl to Salzburg runs along the southern shore of Lake Wolfgang. In St. Gilgen the B154 highway branches off, leading to the A1 Westautobahn motorway (European route E55 and E60). The former Salzkammergut-Lokalbahn narrow gauge railway to Salzburg went out of service in 1957. Ship transport on the lake is provided by the Salzburg AG public utility company, which runs six vessels.</p><br>
<p>The Capitan Mountains are a mountain range in Lincoln County, in south-central New Mexico in the southwestern United States. The range is about 20 miles  long from east to west being about 6 miles  wide and were formed from a large elongated granite intrusion similar to the round one that produced Carrizo Mountain to the west.</p><br>
<p>The small town of Capitan is on the southwestern side of the mountain and is the location of Smokey Bear Historical Park. This is the park that memorializes the famous bear that was rescued from the Capitan Gap Fire in the Capitan Mountains. The highest point in the range is an unnamed peak reaching 10,201 feet (3139 m) which is118 feet (36 m) higher than Capitan Peak. The entirety of the range lies within Lincoln National Forest and is separated from the Sacramento Mountains to the south and Sierra Blanca to the southwest by the valley of Rio Bonito.</p><br>
<p>The Spanish used this mountain range as a landmark (due to it being the only East to West mountain range in New Mexico) on their way between Mexico and Santa Fe.</p><br>
<p>Margaret Island  is a 2.5 km long island, 500 m wide,  in the middle of the Danube in central Budapest, Hungary. The island is mostly covered by landscape parks, and is a popular recreational area. Its medieval ruins are reminders of its importance in the Middle Ages as a religious centre. The island spans the area between the Margaret Bridge  and the Árpád Bridge . Before the 14th century the island was called Insula leporum . Administratively Margaret Island used to belong to the 13th district until 2013. Now it is directly under the control of the city.</p><br>
<p>Today&#39;s appearance was developed through the connection of three separate islands, the Festő (Painter), the Fürdő (Bath) and the Nyulak (Rabbits), during the end of the 19th century, to control the flow of the Danube. Originally, the island was 102.5 metres above sea level, but now has been built up to 104.85 metres above sea level to control flooding.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The island was called Insula leporum before being named after Saint Margaret (1242&ndash;1270) in the 14th century. Margaret was the daughter of Béla IV of Hungary, and she lived in the Dominican convent on the island. Other names of the island were during 13th century: Nyulak szigete, Nagyboldogasszony-sziget, Úr-sziget, Budai-sziget, Dunai-sziget, during the 1790s: Nádor-sziget, Palatinus-sziget. (The names mean Island of Rabbits, Island of Our Lady, Island of Nobles, Buda Island, Danube Island, Palatine Island.)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Knights of St. John settled on the island in the 12th century. Among the present historical monuments of the island are the 13th century ruins of a Franciscan church and a Dominican church and convent, as well as a Premonstratensian church from the 12th century. Members of the Augustinian order also lived on the island.</p><br>
<p>The island was dominated by nunneries, churches and cloisters until the 16th century. During the Ottoman wars the monks and nuns fled and the buildings were destroyed. In the 18th century it was chosen to be the resort of palatines. It was declared a public garden in 1908.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1980s, entry by cars has been limited; only a single bus line and taxis, alongside the service traffic of local stores and restaurants are allowed to enter. On the northern end of the island a car park houses the cars of hotel guests.</p><br>
<h2>Sports and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The island houses various sports establishments, like the Palatinus water park (the largest open-air swimming complex in Budapest), the Alfréd Hajós sports pool (where the European LC Championships 1958, 2006 and 2010 took place), a tennis stadium and an athletics centre.</p><br>
<p>The island has a rubber-coated running track measuring 5.35 kilometers (3.33 miles), and is popular among both locals and tourists because of its superb quality and easy access.</p><br>
<h2>Main sights</h2><br>
<p>Sights in the island include:</p><br>
<p>the Centennial Memorial of 1973, commemorating the hundredth anniversary of the city&#39;s unification</p><br>
<p>a small Japanese Garden with a mildly thermal fish pond</p><br>
<p>a tiny zoo featuring a wide range of exotic waterfowl among other animals</p><br>
<p>the "Music Well" (Zenélő kút), a small pavilion, which was originally built for open-air concerts (it is close to Árpád bridge)</p><br>
<p>the "Music Fountain" (Zenélő szökőkút), a fountain near which music is played and light shows are performed in summer (it is close to Margaret bridge). The water springs out according to music, so that the fountain seems to dance at the various classical themes reproduced. The last piece played is Con te partirò sung by Andrea Bocelli</p><br>
<p>an octagonal Water Tower of 57 m (built in Art Nouveau style in 1911, today functioning as a lookout tower and an exhibition hall, see picture).</p><br>
<p>The Music Fountain and the Water Tower are protected UNESCO sites.</p><br>
<p>Two hotels provide accommodation: the fin de siècle Grand Hotel Margitsziget, and the modern Thermal Hotel Margitsziget with thermal spa and various medical services. There is also an open-air theatre accommodating an audience of 3500, and several clubs and restaurants.</p><br>
<p>For exploration and pastime, four-person cycle cars or small electric cars can be rented for use on the area of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Ha‘ava is the Marquesan name of the 4 km  wide channel that separates Tahuata from Hiva Oa, in the southern Marquesas Islands. The French name for the passage is Canal du Bordelais.</p><br>
<p>The seas generally move through the channel at speeds of one to two knots. Given the prevailing westerly trade winds of the region and the funneling effect of the two islands on either side of the channel, Hiva Oa and Tahuata, wind speeds in the channel are often 10%-30% higher than east of the channel, which, together with the sudden rise in the seafloor in the channel from thousands of meters outside of it to around 100 meters within it, there is often significant wave chop through the channel. West to east passage through the channel is possible for sailing vessels under power in most conditions, even with wind speeds above 25 knots, however, it is recommended that the vessel&#39;s motor generally be able to maintain a boatspeed of 7+ knots, to ensure the vessel will be able to make it through the channel against the wind and current in a reasonable amount of time. In the event of engine failure or other inability to complete the passage through the channel, a sailing vessel can find anchorage and refuge in the leeward bays of Tahuata, the largest of which has the village of Vaihatu, where a troubled vessel can seek assistance from the local inhabitants. An alternative to transiting the channel west to east to arrive at the main harbor of Hiva Oa, Atuona, is either to pass around the north and east of Hiva Oa, or to pass south of Tahuata and then tack north with prevailing winds on the beam to starboard. It should be noted that this approach carries the risk of making the entire eastern side of Tahuata a leeward shore with no protected anchorages to fall back on for the entire 15-20 mile leg from the south tip of Tahuata to Atuona&#39; harbor.</p><br>
<p>Robins Island is a 435 acre island in Peconic Bay by the eastern end of Long Island off the coast of New Suffolk, New York. The island is privately owned and not accessible to the public and is within the jurisdiction of the Town of Southold in Suffolk County, New York in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Robins Island was part of the 1615 deed to William Alexander, Earl of Stirling by King Charles I in which Alexander received all of Long Island and adjacent islands. Alexander gave James Farret power to act as his agent and attorney in settling Long Island. In reward Farret was allowed to choose 12,000 acre for his personal use. Farret chose Shelter Island and Robins Island for his use. Farret in turn sold the islands to Stephen Goodyear, one of the founders of the New Haven Colony in 1641.</p><br>
<p>The island was purchased by a Parker Wickham in 1715. According to the Southold Town Records, Joseph Wickham was the owner of the Island in 1734. His son— Joseph Wickham (died 1749)—inherited the island and his son Parker became the owner of the island in 1779. The island and other nearby lands in Suffolk County were confiscated in 1779 during the American Revolution by act of attainder, and Wickham, a Loyalist, was banished from the state. Under a Legislature of the State act it was declared that Parker Wickham forfeited his estate and it was sold on August 5, 1784 to Caleb Brewster and Benjamin Tallmadge They sold it to Ezra LHommedieu in the 1790s. When LHommedieu died, his executors sold it to Benjamin Horton and James Reeve. By 1851 Wooster and Goodale owned the island. Ira B. Tuthill and Jeremiah G. Tuthill purchased parts of the island and by 1857 Ira B. Tuthill owned the entire island. In 1873 he sold it to George E Horne, acting as an agent for James Wilson. In 1878 the island was sold back to Ira B. Tuthill under foreclosure. Tuthill sold it to Abraham Ingraham in 1881 for $22,000. Ingraham, who was from New York, used the island for hunting quail and other game.</p><br>
<p>The island was purchased for $1.3 million in 1979 by two German investors, Herbert and Claus Mittermayer, who planned to sell it to private developers. Robert M. Tuthill, who was the caretaker of the island since the early 1970s, ensures only invited guests visits the island to protect it from unintended wildfires by local fishers who were used to visiting the island.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, Wickham&#39;s descendants attempted to regain the property, but their lawsuit was dismissed in 1992.</p><br>
<p>In 1989, Suffolk County agreed to purchase Robins Island for $9.2 million and turn it into a nature preserve. However, the island never fell into public ownership because of legal disputes, as another developer had signed a contract to purchase the Robins Island for $15.3 million and develop 22 luxury homes on five-acre lots, while preserving much of the island. The deal collapsed after the county determined that an environmental study was necessary before the island could be purchased and developed.</p><br>
<p>Robins Island is currently owned by Wall Street financier Louis Bacon, who purchased it in 1993 at a bankruptcy court auction for $11 million. Bacon has made significant investments in restoring the neglected island, going so far as to import full-grown oak trees to replace ones harvested for lumber years earlier. Some non-native grasses were removed from the island and replaced, and hunters reduced an overgrown deer population. The island has the healthiest turtle population in the state, which includes the Eastern mud turtle. Bacon is known for hosting traditional English "driven pheasant" hunts on the island for wealthy guests. There are three main houses on the property with additional visitors&#39; cottages, caretaker quarters, and several barns and out-buildings on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Robins Island is located between Little Peconic Bay and Great Peconic Bay. The island can be reached by a private vessel. A road runs the length of the island. A conservation easement in 1997 makes it unlikely that any development will occur on the island; however, 2009 satellite images show seven structures and several small outbuildings on the island.</p><br>
<p>Cranmore Mountain Resort, operating in the summer as Cranmore Mountain Adventure Park, is a ski area located in North Conway, New Hampshire, United States. It began operations in 1937, and was owned until 1984 by the Schneider family. During the late 1980s and 1990s, ownership of the resort changed hands several times; it is now owned by a group of New England businessmen and is undergoing several years of expansion and modernization.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cranmore was founded by local businessman Harvey Gibson and opened for the 1937–1938 season with a single rope tow. For the 1938–1939 season, a new lift, dubbed the Skimobile, which consisted of small cars traveling on a wooden track and was designed by area mechanic http://www.cranmore.com/winter/resorthistory George Morton, was installed, rising from the base to about halfway up the mountain. In its early years, Cranmore distinguished itself from other ski areas by its Skimobile, a relatively developed base area and lodging, and a ski school run by European skiers.</p><br>
<p>In 1939, prominent Austrian skier Hannes Schneider moved to Cranmore at the invitation of Gibson after having been briefly imprisoned for his anti-Nazi views. Schneider spurred the expansion of Cranmore, with a second stage of the Skimobile installed to the summit and additional trails cut.</p><br>
<p>During the early 1940s, Cranmore was one of the first ski areas to take an interest in developing trail grooming technology, due to its west-facing exposure, which melted snow during the day that subsequently refroze into ice overnight.</p><br>
<p>In 1955, the East Bowl area was opened with the construction of a new Roebling double chair; this was followed in 1963 and 1969 by two new Mueller double chairs. Cranmore was sold in 1984 by Herbert Schneider; the new owners installed two new triple chairs in 1986 and 1987. By 1988, the entirety of the Skimobile had been abandoned, and in the early 1990s ownership of Cranmore had changed hands again, with the Bank of Boston purchasing the area, though it was subsequently sold again in 1995 to LBO Resort Enterprises; these owners installed a new Doppelmayr high-speed quad to the summit.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, LBO and S-K-I merged to form the American Skiing Company, which, facing antitrust concerns from the US Justice Department, sold Cranmore and Waterville Valley Resort to Booth Creek Ski Holdings that November. Immediately after taking control of Cranmore, the new owners announced a multimillion-dollar expansion, including a new Doppelmayr quad chair, new snowmaking, a new mountain coaster and a rebuilt tubing park.</p><br>
<p>In March 2012, Cranmore announced plans to replace the East double chair, at the time the oldest operating double in New England, with a triple chair purchased from Wachusett Mountain for the 2012–2013 season.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain statistics</h2><br>
<p>Cranmore has over 200 acre of skiable terrain, with 54 trails and glades served by 9 lifts—a high-speed quad, a fixed-grip quad, two fixed-grip triples, one fixed-grip double and four surface lifts. The vertical drop of the mountain is 1,200 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Summer</h2><br>
<p>In the summer, Cranmore operates with an aerial adventure park, including zip lines, summer tubing (using a solid, manmade, slippery base material in place of snow), bungy trampoline, and hiking, as well as new additions in the 2015 year for littler kids like bouncy houses and climbing walls, and a mini-adventure park for those not yet meeting the height/weight restrictions for the larger one.</p><br>
<p>The Burns Club of Atlanta, officially organized in 1896, is a private social club and literary and cultural society commemorating the works and spirit of the 18th century national poet of Scotland, Robert Burns. In addition to holding monthly meetings, the club has held a Burns supper celebration on the anniversary of Burns birthday every year since 1898. Club events are held in the Atlanta Burns Cottage, a 1911 replica of poet Robert Burns birthplace in Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland. The Cottage has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Burns Cottage since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Burns Club of Atlanta is fifty-third in seniority among several hundred organizations recognized by the Scottish-based World Burns Federation. Officially organized on January 25, 1896, the centennial year of Robert Burns’ birth, the Burns Club of Atlanta is quite possibly the city’s oldest surviving cultural and literary society. As early as the 1870s, Burns admirers in Atlanta had been meeting in private homes and hotels to celebrate the birthday of the Scottish poet. Shortly after the club’s formation, plans were made to construct for a clubhouse an exact replica of Robert Burns&#39; birthplace in Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland. Situated in the East Atlanta neighborhood of Ormewood Park, construction for the Atlanta Burns Cottage was completed in 1911.</p><br>
<p>The moving spirit behind the club’s founding was Joseph Jacobs, the Atlanta pharmacist and drug-store owner at whose suggestion Coca-Cola was first carbonated. He served the very first Coca-Cola beverage from his fountain in the Five Points neighborhood of Atlanta. Of German Jewish parentage, Dr. Jacobs illustrates the universal appeal of Robert Burns’ poetry.</p><br>
<h2>A tradition of socially diverse membership</h2><br>
<p>Since its organization, the club’s membership has included governors, college presidents, farmers, teachers, clergymen, engineers, lawyers, doctors, artists, salesmen and tradesmen. Membership is limited by space in the Cottage to 100 members. Following club tradition, membership is only open to males. However, non-member male and female guests are frequent and many and are welcome by invitation.</p><br>
<h2>Literature and fellowship</h2><br>
<p>Monthly meetings in the Atlanta Burns Cottage feature readings from Burns’ works and various lectures given by visiting scholars, authorities and members. Previous lecturers include Atlanta author Margaret Mitchell and Scottish entertainer and goodwill ambassador, Sir Henry Lauder. Monthly meetings are noted for relaxed companionship and spirited, yet informal, discussion. Every meeting concludes with the traditional Scottish farewell observance of “circling up” and singing “Auld Lang Syne.”</p><br>
<h2>The Atlanta Burns Cottage</h2><br>
<p>The Burns Club of Atlanta retains the honor of having as their clubhouse the only reproduction in the world of Robert Burns&#39; birth home.</p><br>
<p>After the turn of the 20th century the club began an effort to obtain land and erect a cottage to be used as a clubhouse. In 1907 the club purchased 15 acre in what is now the Ormewood Park neighborhood of Atlanta, at the end of the trolley line on “Dogwood Hill” across from the Confederate Veterans Home on Confederate Avenue (now the site of the Georgia Highway Patrol headquarters).</p><br>
<p>Atlanta architect and member, Thomas H. Morgan, obtained the exact measurements of the original Burns cottage in Alloway, Scotland, and prepared plans for the Atlanta replica. Construction of the building was supervised by Robert McWhirter, a member of the club and a skilled stonemason, and was finished in 1911 using quarried granite from nearby Stone Mountain instead of traditional mortar and rubble construction found in Burns’ birth home.</p><br>
<p>The originally thatched, but now-shingled, roof has shallow eaves and gables that connect directly to the chimneys. The three fireplaces in the cottage are constructed of random stones with mortar joints raised and rounded. The fireplace in the center of the cottage features an inset stone plaque in memory of Burns. Of the three doors on the front of the cottage, only one is used. The cottage’s uncommonly small windows reflect one particular Scottish practice of taxation in which homeowners were taxed according to the dimensions of their home’s window openings.</p><br>
<p>The low, one-story building is generally rectangular, but is slightly curved, as was the original, which accommodated the curve of the road it was built along. The interior of the house is also a close replica of the Scottish cottage, and was divided into the traditional three areas: butt, ben and byre.</p><br>
<p>The cottage is managed by a caretaker who lives on the grounds.</p><br>
<h2>Scottish vernacular architecture: butt, ben and byre</h2><br>
<p>One now enters the Atlanta Burns Cottage through the byre, the Scots word for the portion of the cottage where, in Burn’s original birthplace, animals and farm stuffs were housed. Members of the club now use this room for their monthly meetings. While the club is primarily a literary society, many of the members share Burns’ Scottish heritage and display their clan tartan banners along with several plaques and bas-relief panels situated on plastered walls.</p><br>
<p>To the immediate left is the ben, the innermost room of the family dwelling. Originally there was no door between the living quarters and the byre. The ben represents the combined living room and dormitory for the large Burns family. In the Atlanta Burns Cottage it functions as additional space for club events.</p><br>
<p>To the far left is found the butt, or the outer room used as kitchen, dining room and parent’s bedroom. The fireplace/stove, cabinet, and plate rack found within this room faithfully portray the original cottage furnishings. The room also features a box-bed that recreates the bed in which Robert Burns was born. The room is now used as an office and space for directors’ meetings. Almost a century of Atlanta Burns Club presidents’ portraits hang on the walls.</p><br>
<h2>Other architectural additions and alterations</h2><br>
<p>The only remaining outbuilding is a one-story stone caretaker&#39;s house, originally a log cabin. It was redesigned in 1969 to bear a closer resemblance to the cottage. The grounds once included a dance pavilion, barbecue pit, a tennis court and putting green for club use. Changes to Burns Cottage include the rear additions of a kitchen, interior porch, restrooms and an external wooden platform used for social events. Other alterations include the replacement of stone-flagged floors with finished concrete, an additional fireplace in the byre and the sealing up of several small windows.</p><br>
<p>Blenheim Reef is a partly submerged atoll structure in the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean. It includes the coral reef of Baxio Predassa in its southeastern rim, plus another completely submerged part. It is located in the northeastern part of the Chagos Archipelago. It measures almost eleven kilometres  by more than four kilometres , with a total area of 36.8 square kilometres, including the lagoon of 8.5 km², the difference being accounted for the mostly by the reef flat. Only on the eastern side, there are a few sand cays above the water. The largest of them is East Island, which is not quite 200 metres long and 70 metres wide. The other islands in the group are North, Middle and South. Only a few grasses grow on the island. The lagoon is up to 18 metres deep and encumbered with rock. The fringing coral reef has a wide passage in the southwest. The closest land is Takamaka Island in the Salomon Islands Atoll, about 20 kilometres to the southwest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The atoll is thought to have been discovered around 1570 by Portuguese sailors, which is why it is also known under its Portuguese name Baxio Predassa (a corruption of Baixo Predassa). The present name comes from the ship Blenheim which discovered the reef on 5 May 1836 during a voyage from London to Bombay (see letter from James Temple Brown to the Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle for 1837).</p><br>
<p>From 1845 to 1860, guano and phosphate were mined. This venture was then given up due to inadequate transport facilities. Around 1880, the Indian Ocean Fruit Company attempted to plant palm trees on the island, but all seedlings were washed into the sea during a storm. On 29 June 1975, the atoll was incorporated into the Chagos Archipelago and claimed by Mauritius. Before that day, it was not claimed by any nation.</p><br>
<p>In total, there have been 57 ship wrecks around Blenheim Reef, with an estimated 200 lost lives.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>Baxio Predassa is the name given to the islands that emerge from the eastern rim of the reef. When first surveyed by Robert Moresby, there were many more islands in Baxio Predassa. These have, however, been eroded or submerged and only four islets remain. The group today consists of:</p><br>
<p>Ile du Nord, the northernmost island</p><br>
<p>Ile du Milieu, surrounded by a reef</p><br>
<p>Ile de l&#39;Est, the largest island and the easternmost island in the atoll. The island has only grasses growing on it, though there was once an unsuccessful attempt to plant palms on the island.</p><br>
<p>Ile du Sud, the smallest and southernmost islet. It is unvegetated and of no importance</p><br>
<p>The Great Chagos Bank, in the Chagos Archipelago, about 500 km south of the Maldives, is the largest atoll structure in the world, with a total area of 12,642 km&sup2;. The atoll is administered by the United Kingdom through the British Indian Ocean Territory .</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>Despite its enormous size, the Great Chagos Bank is largely a submarine structure. There are only four emerging reefs, mostly located on the western rim of the atoll, except for lonely Nelson Island which lies wholly isolated in the middle of the northern fringe. These reefs have seven or eight individual low and sandy islands, with a total land area of about 5.6 km&sup2;. All islands and their surrounding waters are a Strict Nature Reserve since 1998. The total length of the eastern and southern expanses of the bank, as well as the reefs in its central area are wholly submerged.</p><br>
<p>The islands of the Great Chagos Bank, starting clockwise from the south, are:</p><br>
<p>Danger Island (slightly more than 2 km long from North to South, by 1 km wide, land area 0.66 km&sup2, vegetated with palm trees up to 12 m high.</p><br>
<p>Eagle Islands</p><br>
<p>Île Aigle (Eagle Island, vegetated with high coconut trees, land area 2.45 km&sup2</p><br>
<p>Sea Cow Island (Île Vache Marine), vegetated with trees, land area 18 hectare.</p><br>
<p>Three Brothers (Trois Frères) and Resurgent Islands, vegetated with high coconut trees, land area 0.4 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>Île du Sud (South Island, largest of the group), 23 hectare</p><br>
<p>Île du Milieu (Middle Island), 8 hectare</p><br>
<p>unnamed rocky islet</p><br>
<p>Île du Nord (North Island), 6 hectare</p><br>
<p>Nelson Island (2 km long from East to West, up to 0.41 km wide, land area 0.4 km&sup2, with 3 m high, bushy vegetation.</p><br>
<h2>Cartography of the submerged reefs</h2><br>
<p>The Great Chagos Bank was surveyed for the first time by Commander Robert Moresby of the Indian Navy in 1837; all other maps that would be drawn for over a century and a half were based on his chart. Although the charts of atolls made up of mostly emerged reefs, like Peros Banhos and Diego Garcia, were relatively accurate, the cartography of the vast sunken reefs forming the Great Chagos Bank proved quite a challenge. The real shape of these sunken reefs was known only when satellite imagery became available in the latter part of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Moresby&#39;s original hydrographic drawings were somewhat at variance with the true shape of the submerged reef, especially in areas where there were no emerging islands close by, like in the South east of the bank. The outlines of the first hydrographic surveys were marked in the 1980s navigational maps of the Chagos with a dotted line and the legend "existence doubtful" until the 1998 edition.</p><br>
<p>The Racquet and Tennis Club is a private social club and athletic club located at 370 Park Avenue, between East 52nd and 53rd Streets, New York, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Charles Follen McKim of the former firm McKim, Mead, and White in an integrated Italian Renaissance style, the Racquet and Tennis Club building is representative of the ornate private clubs constructed in New York during the early twentieth century. Today it performs an important architectural role on Park Avenue as a foil to the Seagram Building and the Lever House and other corporate structures in the glass-clad vocabulary of International Modernism.</p><br>
<p>Construction began on December 20, 1916, and was completed on September 7, 1918. The builder was Mark Edlitz, and the estimated cost was $400,000. The building is about 200 feet by 100 feet (30 m x 60 m) and five stories tall. The exterior is stone and brick over a structural steel frame. According to the original plans, the interior contained three dining rooms, a billiard room, library, lounge, gymnasium, four squash courts, two court tennis (real tennis) courts, and two racquets courts. Today, there are four International squash courts, one North American doubles squash court, one racquets court, and the two court (real) tennis courts.</p><br>
<p>On July 13, 1983, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The club sold its air rights on Park Avenue to a developer a number of decades ago, resulting in the unusual sight, for New York, of a glass-clad skyscraper rising in the middle of the block, immediately behind the club.</p><br>
<h2>Club</h2><br>
<p>Unlike many other private clubs that once catered exclusively to men and now admit women, the Racquet and Tennis has held fast to its men-only membership policy. (Women are welcome at club social events, however.) Its ancestor, The Racquet Court Club, opened in 1876 at 55 West 26th Street with only a racquets court. The second club house at 27 West 43rd Street (1891) had one racquet court and one real tennis court. The club moved to the Park Avenue home in 1918.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, the club famously refused to allow Evelyn David (who was, obviously, not a member of the club) to train for the Women&#39;s World Tennis Championship, citing its men-only rules. At the time, David was considered by several leading members of the club to be in the top six or seven female court tennis players in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Club professionals have been world champions in both racquets and real tennis. The most famous was Pierre Etchebaster, Real Tennis World Champion (1928–1956). Neil Smith was World Racquets Singles Champion (1999–2001), and World Doubles Champion (1992–2001). James Stout has been Racquets World Champion since 2008. Tim Chisholm (partnered by Julian Snow) won the Real Tennis Doubles World Championship in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Backgammon</h2><br>
<p>The Racquet and Tennis Club played an important role in the history of backgammon: In 1931 Wheaton Vaughan, who was chairman of the club&#39;s Card and Backgammon Committee then, invited representatives of other clubs in New York and elsewhere to formulate the Laws of Backgammon. This set of rules is the basis of the rules according to which backgammon is played around the world today.</p><br>
<p>Aber Falls  is a waterfall located about two miles  south of the village of Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd, Wales.</p><br>
<p>The waterfall is formed as the Afon Goch plunges about 120 ft over a sill of igneous rock in the foothills of the Carneddau range. Two tributaries merge; the enlarged stream is known as Afon Rhaeadr Fawr; from the road bridge, Bont Newydd, the name becomes Afon Aber.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Visitors walking along the main footpath towards the falls may spot several small Bronze Age settlements including an excavated roundhouse and smithy fenced off with an information plaque adorning it, several standing stones and cairns are also present, most of these sites can be found on the right side of the pathway. There is also a piece of recording equipment that is recording the weather. It is located to the north west of Snowdonia National Park in Wales.</p><br>
<h2>Visitor facilities</h2><br>
<p>Visitors can park at Bont Newydd, from where the Falls are accessible on foot on a clearly marked trackway. There is a small charge for parking but there are toilets and picnic benches available. The nearest place where food can be purchased is the cafe in the tourist information centre at Abergwyngregyn village.</p><br>
<p>It is possible to bathe in the plunge pool of the falls, although the water is cold even at the height of summer and care must be taken on the often slippery rocks.</p><br>
<h2>North Wales Path</h2><br>
<p>The North Wales Path, a long distance coastal path between Prestatyn and Bangor, crosses the bridge at the foot of the falls. This bridge, together with the smaller one at the foot of the smaller falls to the west (Rhaeadr Fach), was erected in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Tower Buildings is a former office block in the city of Liverpool, Merseyside, England. It stands with its longer front on the east side of the Strand, and extends round the corner into Water Street. The building is located directly opposite the Royal Liver Building, which was designed by the same architect. Earlier buildings on the site have been a sandstone mansion, and a later fortified house known as the Tower of Liverpool. After this was demolished in 1819, it was replaced in 1846 by the first structure to be named Tower Buildings. The present structure is one of the earliest steel-framed buildings in England, and details of its architecture reflect the earlier fortified building on the site. It has been converted into apartments, and into units for commercial and retail use.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building stands on a historic site in the city. The first structure on the site had been a sandstone mansion, built in 1256 on the shore of the River Mersey. Its first owner is not known, but by 1360 it was owned by Sir Robert Lathom. By beginning of the 15th century it was owned by Sir John Stanley. In 1406 Sir John gained permission from King Henry V build a fortified house, which was named the Tower of Liverpool. The Stanley family later became the Earls of Derby. By 1737 the house was being leased from the Earl of Derby by Liverpool Corporation. In 1745 part of it was converted into a prison, and the upper rooms were used for civic functions. In 1774 the Corporation bought the building outright. A new prison was built in Great Howard Street, and the building ceased to be used for this purpose in 1811. It was demolished in 1819 to allow widening of Water Street. The site was used for a row of warehouses, until in 1846 the first structure to be known as Tower Buildings was built to a design by Sir James Picton. The present building was designed in 1906 by Walter Aubrey Thomas, and its construction was completed in 1910. Thomas also designed the Royal Liver Building. Tower Buildings was one of the first steel-framed buildings in England. In 2006 it was converted into apartments, and into units for commercial and retail use.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Tower Buildings is constructed on a steel frame. It is clad in grey granite, and faced with white glazed terracotta made by Doulton. The Strand front has eight storeys and is in nine bays, the Water Street front has five storeys plus attics and is in three bays, and there is a curved bay on the corner. The bays are divided by polygonal turrets. On each end of the Strand front is a two-storey tower, and above the central bay rises a three-storey tower. A balustrade runs along the top of the building and around the two lateral towers.</p><br>
<p>Anamudi  is a mountain located in Devikulam Taluk, Idukki district of the Indian state,Kerala. It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South India, at an elevation of 2,695 m, and a topographic prominence of 2,479 m. The name Anamudi literally translates to "elephants forehead," a reference to the resemblance of the mountain to an elephants head.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded ascent of Anamudi was by General Douglas Hamilton of the Madras Army on May 4, 1862, but it is likely that there had been earlier ascents by local people.</p><br>
<p>With a height of 2,695 m and prominence of 2,479 m, Anamudi peak is one of only three ultra prominent peaks in South India. It is also the peak with the greatest topographic isolation within India.</p><br>
<h2>Climatic zones and biomes</h2><br>
<p>Anamudi is the highest peak in the Western Ghats in India, This gives Anamudi its relatively large topographic prominence of 2,479 m, the associated key saddle being over 2,000 km away at 28&deg;35&prime;20&Prime;N latitude, 76&deg;27&prime;59&Prime;E longitude in Haryana state just to the west of Delhi. The peak is the highest point of the Periyar river basin.</p><br>
<p>The peak is not exceptionally dramatic in term of steepness or local relief and is a Fault-block mountain. It is located in the southern region of Eravikulam National Park at the junction of the Cardamom Hills, the Anaimalai Hills and the Palani Hills. The nearest town is Munnar, 13 km. The easiest route to the summit of Anamudi is a technically easy hike on grass slopes, starting from a rolling hill plateau with a base elevation of about 2,000 m. The north and south slopes are gentle, while the east and west slopes are steeper, with more difficult rock faces.</p><br>
<p>Anamudi and the Eravikulam National Park surrounding it is home to the largest surviving population of the Nilgiri tahr(Nilgiritragus hylocrius). Asian elephants, gaur, Bengal tigers, and the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) are some of the species of animals found here. This newly discovered species is located in the Eravikulam National Park and is restricted to less than three km on the summit of Anamudi. The summit of the Anamudi is vegetated with patches of stunted Arundinaria densifolia and Gaultheria fragrantissima (wintergreen), Anaphalis sp., Impatiens and some species of Eriocaulon.</p><br>
<p>Malpelo is a small island in the East Pacific Ocean, located about 500 km west of the Colombian mainland. Except for a small military post that is manned by the Colombian Armed Forces, it is uninhabited. It consists of a sheer and barren rock with three high peaks, the highest being Cerro de la Mona with a height of 300 m. The island is about one mile in length from northeast to southwest, and 700 yards in width.</p><br>
<p>It is the only island that rises above the surface from the Malpelo Ridge, which is a solitary volcanic submarine ridge that extends in a northeast-southwest direction with a length of 300 km and a width of 100 km. This island is surrounded by a number of offshore rocks. Off the northeast corner are the Tres Mosqueteros. Off the southwest corner are Salomon, Saul, La Gringa, and Escuba. All the rocks are surrounded by deep water, and most of the face of the main island is very steep. Soundings of between 1,000 and 5,000 fathoms are obtainable within a few miles of the shore, and the currents are strong and changeable. As an oceanic island, this island has never been connected with any other islands or the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Malpelo Island is composed of Miocene pillow lavas, volcanic breccias, and basaltic dikes that have been dated as being 16 to 17 million years old. This island and the underlying and underwater Malpelo Ridge were created along with the Carnegie Ridge in the Late Miocene by a very complex interaction between the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Centre and the Galápagos hotspot.</p><br>
<p>At first glance, the island seems to be barren rock, devoid of all vegetation. But deposits of bird guano have helped colonies of algae, lichens, mosses and some shrubs and ferns establish, all of which glean nutrients from the guano. The Malpelo Nature Reserve, a plant and wildlife sanctuary, is defined as a circular area of radius 9.656 km centered at 03&deg;58&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 81&deg;34&prime;48&Prime;W longitude. On July 12, 2006, Malpelo was declared by UNESCO as a natural World Heritage Site. A Colombian foundation is trying to preserve the biodiversity of the site.</p><br>
<p>Malpelo is home of a unique shark population; swarms of 500 hammerhead sharks and hundreds of silky sharks are frequently seen by diving expeditions, making it a very popular sharkdiving location. Malpelo is one of the few places where the smalltooth sand tiger has been seen alive; it is frequently spotted at the dive site "El bajo del Monstruo". Acanthemblemaria stephensi, the Malpelo barnacle blenny, is a species of chaenopsid blenny found in coral reefs around Malpelo.</p><br>
<p>A DX-pedition to the island occurred in early 2012. Malpelo counts as a separate "entity" for amateur radio credit. Because of the rugged terrain, strong currents, and remote location the island is rarely activated. The operators made 195,292 contacts under very difficult conditions.</p><br>
<h2>Chronology</h2><br>
<p>1530 - Malpelo is said to be recorded in a map of this date.</p><br>
<p>1542 - Cristóbal Vaca de Castro visits.</p><br>
<p>1550 - Malpelo is recorded in P. Desceliers&#39; map.</p><br>
<p>1704 - Wreck of the English vessel Cinque Ports</p><br>
<p>1790 - Spanish landing on Malpelo mentioned to Alessandro Malaspina.</p><br>
<p>1793 - James Colnett visits.</p><br>
<p>1837 - Note in The Nautical Magazine recording visit.</p><br>
<p>Elos  is a village and a former municipality in Laconia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Evrotas, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 117.577 km. The population of the village was 742 people in 2011. It had its own primary school until 2012. The municipal unit has 5,718 inhabitants. The seat of the municipality was in Vlachioti. The inhabitants work as farmers producing oranges and olive oil. The municipal unit has a coastline on the Laconian Gulf. The Evrotas River is west of Elos. The name dates back to ancient times. It is located West of Monemvasia, East of Gytheio and Southeast of Sparta.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>Pausanias mentions a seaside city near Sparta called Helos, whose inhabitants were enslaved and became the helots. Helos was founded by Helios, the younger son of Perseus. The city was reduced by siege by the Dorians, and their inhabitants became the first slaves of the Lacedemonian state.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>Larne Lough  is a sea lough or inlet in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The lough lies between Islandmagee  and the mainland. At its mouth is the town of Larne. It is designated as an area of special scientific interest, a special protection area, and a Ramsar site to protect the wetland environment, particularly due to the presence of certain bird species and shellfish.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The lough takes its name from the small medieval kingdom of Latharna meaning "descendants of Lathair". The older name for the lough was Loch Ollarbha or Inbhear nOllarbha, from Ollarbha the ancient name of the Larne Water.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Much of the estuary is shallow, having become extensively infilled with sediments of fine muddy sand, and at low water the largest areas of intertidal flats are exposed in the south of the estuary. The northern parts of the estuary are wider and relatively deep, especially at the mouth where dredging is regularly carried out to maintain the shipping channel to the port of Larne. Previously, a complex spit system existed at the mouth of the estuary, formed where sediments from further along the shore were washed into the</p><br>
<p>relatively calm waters of the lough. Very little evidence of these natural spits remain, as they were lost under port and industrial developments. In the upper reaches of the estuary at Ballycarry there is an area of salt marsh.</p><br>
<h2>Places of interest</h2><br>
<p>Chaine Memorial Tower lighthouse is on the west side of the entrance to Larne Lough.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>At Ballylig, Larne Lough, two dugout boats were found in peat which was overlaid with marine mud. The dugouts were radiocarbon dated 3641-3378 BC and 3700-3382 BC. Both were found close to a sea lough with no navigable rivers, so they were likely to have been used to travel at sea.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>In 1929, a "Coastal Survey" of the algae of the north-east of Ireland was begun when a few members of the Botanical Society in The Queen&#39;s University of Belfast investigated and mapped the distribution of the seaweeds. Among the algae recorded was Ascophyllum nodosum var. minor Turn. The northern end was also surveyed. The vegetation now is dominated by mid-upper salt marsh communities and a Phragmites reedbed, with some saltmarsh pans.</p><br>
<h2>Ramsar site</h2><br>
<p>The Larne Lough Ramsar site (wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention), is 395.94 hectares in area, at latitude 54 48 54 N and longitude 05 44 38 W. It was designated a Ramsar site on 4 March 1997. The Ramsar site boundary entirely coincides with both that of the Larne Lough Area of Special Scientific Interest and the Larne Lough Special Protection Area. The site qualified under Criterion 2 of the Ramsar Convention because it supports numbers of vulnerable and endangered Irish Red Data Book bird species. The site regularly supports nationally important numbers of breeding populations of roseate terns and common tern. It also qualified under Ramsar criterion 6 due to populations occurring at levels of international importance of light-bellied brent geese. Swan Island has, in the recent past, held internationally important numbers of breeding roseate tern.</p><br>
<h2>Railway Line</h2><br>
<p>The Belfast-Larne railway line brings the line alongside the shore line from Larne Harbour, Larne Town, Glynn, Magheramorne, and Ballycarry, over the section of land linking Islandmagee to Whitehead railway station then running alongside Belfast Lough via Carrickfergus and Belfast Central to Belfast Great Victoria Street railway station.</p><br>
<p>Colca Canyon is a canyon of the Colca River in southern Peru, located about 160 km northwest of Arequipa. It is Peru&#39;s third most-visited tourist destination with about 120,000 visitors annually. With a depth of 3,270 m, it is one of the deepest in the world. The Colca Valley is a colorful Andean valley with pre-Inca roots, and towns founded in Spanish colonial times, still inhabited by people of the Collagua and the Cabana cultures. The local people maintain their ancestral traditions and continue to cultivate the pre-Inca stepped terraces.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Quechua-speaking Cabanas, probably descended from the Wari culture, and the Aymara-speaking Collaguas, who moved to the area from the Lake Titicaca region, inhabited the valley in the pre-Inca era. The Inca probably arrived in the Colca Valley around 1320 AD, and established their dominion through marriage, rather than through warfare. The Spaniards, under Gonzalo Pizarro, arrived in 1540 and in the 1570s the Spanish viceroy Francisco de Toledo ordered the inhabitants to leave their scattered settlements and to move to a series of centrally located pueblos, which remain the principal towns of the valley. Franciscan missionaries built the first chapel in the valley in 1565, and the first church in 1569.</p><br>
<p>No passable roads existed between Arequipa and Chivay until the 1940s, when a road was completed to serve the silver and copper mines of the region. More roads were built in the 1970s and 1980s by the Majes Hydroelectric Project, a program to divert water from the Colca River to irrigate crops in the Majes region. Access today is usually via Arequipa.</p><br>
<p>In May 1981, the Polish Canoandes rafting expedition led by Jerzy Majcherczyk, made the first descent of the river below Cabanaconde, and proclaimed the possibility of its being the world&#39;s deepest canyon. It was so recognized by the Guinness Book of Records in 1986, and a National Geographic article in January 1993 repeated the claim. The joint Polish/Peruvian "Cañon del Colca 2005" expedition verified the altitudes of the river and the surrounding heights via GPS.</p><br>
<p>Tourism has increased since the 1980s and 1990s from a few thousand visitors annually to nearly 150,000 visitors in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Colca-Arequipa 14 plains of Majes, it is known as the Majes River, and then is known as the Camana before reaching the Pacific Ocean at the town of that name. The Majes River was believed by the Incas to flow directly into the Milky Way. For this reason, they often put sacrifices and gifts to the gods in the river for it to flow to them. Within the province of Caylloma it is known as the "Colca Valley" between Callalli and Pinchollo/Madrigal. Down to Huambo it is known as the Colca Canyon. The town of Chivay is located at the midpoint of the Colca valley. Above Chivay, at an elevation of 3,500 m, agriculture gives way to livestock raising, principally alpacas and llamas, with some sheep and dairy cattle as well. Below Chivay the valley presents intensely terraced landscapes, continuing for many kilometers downstream. Within the deepening valley downriver, a series of small villages is spread out over the approximately 56 km between Chivay and the village of Cabanaconde. The canyon reaches its greatest depth in the region of Huambo, where the river has an elevation of 1,066 m. In contrast, 24 km to the southeast of Cabanaconde rises the 6,288 m high Ampato, a snow-capped extinct volcano.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions</h2><br>
<p>The canyon is home to the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), a species that has been the focus of worldwide conservation efforts. The condors can be seen at close range as they fly past the canyon walls, and are a popular attraction. The Andean Condor typically lives about 60-70 years, and has a wingspan of about 7 -. It is commonly referred to as the "Eternity Bird," as the bird is a symbol of long life and eternity. &#39;Cruz del Condor&#39; is a popular tourist stop to view the condors. At this point the canyon floor is 1,200 m below the rim of the canyon.</p><br>
<p>Other notable bird species present in the Colca include the giant hummingbird, the largest member of the hummingbird family, as well as the Andean goose, Chilean flamingo, and mountain caracara. Animals include vizcacha, a rabbit-sized relative of the chinchilla, zorrino, deer, fox, and vicuña, the wild ancestor of the alpaca.</p><br>
<p>The La Calera natural hot springs are located at Chivay, the biggest town in the Colca Canyon. Other hot springs, some developed for tourist use, are dotted throughout the valley and canyon.</p><br>
<p>Archeological sites include the caves of Mollepunko above Callalli where rock art (said to be 6,000 years old) depicts the domestication of the alpaca; the mummy of Paraqra, above Sibayo; the Fortaleza de Chimpa, a reconstructed mountaintop citadel that looks down on Madrigal; ruins of pre-Hispanic settlements throughout the valley; and many others.</p><br>
<p>Cultural attractions include the Wititi festival in Chivay, named as a "cultural heritage" of Peru. The Colca is also well known for crafts: goods knitted from baby alpaca fiber and a unique form of embroidery that adorns skirts (polleras), hats, vests, and other items of daily wear and use.</p><br>
<p>The most distant source of Amazon River is accessible from the Colca valley via Tuti, a one-day trip to a spring at 5,120 m, where snowmelt from the Mismi bursts from a rock face. Other attractions include the Infiernillo Geyser, on the flanks of the volcano Hualca Hualca, which is accessible on foot, horseback, or mountain bicycle, and a number of casas vivenciales where tourists can stay with a local family in their home and share in their daily activities.</p><br>
<p>Autocolca, an autonomous authority created by law in the 1980s, is responsible for tourism promotion and management in the Colca Valley.</p><br>
<p>Chaidari , is a suburb in the western part of the Athens agglomeration, west of central Athens and north of Piraeus.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 22.655 km. The geography of the municipality of Chaidari is diverse: the eastern part, where the town Chaidari is situated, is densely populated and forms a continuous built up area with the inner suburbs of Athens. The rocky Aigaleo hills run through the central part of the municipality. The pine forest of Dafni and the Daphni Monastery lie on the eastern slopes of Aigaleo. The westernmost part of Chaidari is the small industrial port town Skaramagkas, on the Saronic Gulf near Eleusis. The main roads of Chaidari are the Greek National Road 8 (the old road from Athens to Corinth) and the Iera odos.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Concentration camp</h3><br>
<p>The Haidari concentration camp (Greek: στρατόπεδο συγκέντρωσης Χαϊδαρίου, stratópedo syngéntrosis Chaidaríou, German: KZ Chaidari) was a concentration camp operated by the German Schutzstaffel in Haidari during the Axis Occupation of Greece from September 1943 to September 1944.</p><br>
<p>The camp is now a monument to the Greek Resistance.</p><br>
<h2>Sights of Interest</h2><br>
<p>Daphni Monastery</p><br>
<p>Palataki Tower</p><br>
<p>Diomideios Botanical Garden</p><br>
<p>Korvatunturi is a fell in Lapland. It is located within Urho Kekkonen National Park in the municipality of Savukoski. Its name literally means “Ear Fell” in Finnish due to its unique shape.</p><br>
<p>Characterised by its thick pine forest, frozen lakes and hundreds of thousands of reindeer which roam the land, Korvatunturi stands 486 metres above sea level. It has three peaks, with the middle one between Finland and Russia&#39;s borders. Since Korvatunturi is located within the boundaries of the country, all visitors are required to secure written permission from the Finnish Border Guard. There are also no roads that directly lead to the fell, but there are hike trails that provide access, such as the one found in the Savukoski area.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural Significance</h2><br>
<p>Korvatunturi is best known as the home of Father Christmas (or Joulupukki in Finnish). According to Finnish Folklore, this land is the location of Father Christmas’ secret workshop, where toys, trinkets and gifts are made and eventually wrapped by gnomes. Known for their good-natured demeanour and their rôle as guardians of homes, these gnomes are also responsible for analysing weather patterns for the yearly gift-giving trip around the world. People have also said that the ear-shaped structure of the fell allows Father Christmas to hear the wishes of every child on Earth. In popular media, this legend has been adapted into the film Rare Exports: A Christmas Tale.</p><br>
<p>For post to Father Christmas Korvatunturi has postal code 99999 Korvatunturi, even though all post sent to this address will actually be carried to Santa Claus Village at Rovaniemi.</p><br>
<p>Rattlesnake Island is an 85 acre island located on Lake Erie near Put-In-Bay, 11 mi northeast of Port Clinton, Ohio. It is part of Put-in-Bay Township, in Ottawa County. It is one of several islands known as the Lake Erie Islands. The name Rattlesnake comes both from the actual rattlesnakes that used to inhabit the island, as well as from the overall shape of the island .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Legally, since colonial times, the Lake Erie Islands were part of the Firelands Section of the Connecticut Land Company&#39;s western reserve.</p><br>
<p>Put-in-Bay was a strategic location during the War of 1812, when Oliver Hazard Perry - Commodore of the United States fleet on Lake Erie - rendezvoused with General William Henry Harrison at Sandusky Bay, and following discussions concerning the upcoming campaign the commanders selected Put-in-Bay harbor for the American naval base. From this strategic location Perry was able to observe British fleet movements, and eventually engaged and defeated them. Perry&#39;s victory gave the Americans control of Lake Erie and a relative calm prevailed amongst the islands.</p><br>
<p>In 1854, Abigail Dunning of Hartford, Connecticut, sold Rattlesnake Island to Horace Kelley of Cleveland, Ohio. Soon thereafter, post offices were established on South Bass Island (1860), North Bass Island (1864), and Middle Bass Island (1864). Rattlesnake Island was largely uninhabited at the time and on June 22, 1861 Rattlesnake Island became a part of Put-In-Bay Township.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The modern history of Rattlesnake Island began with the purchase of the island about 1929 by Hubert D. Bennett, the owner of the Toledo Scale Company, who developed the island by putting in a lodge, harbor, and east-west landing strip. A second north-south landing strip was added in the 1950s by a Catholic order. In 1959, the island was sold to James P. Frackelton, M.D., a Cleveland surgeon and owner of the Cleveland Stamp and Coin Company, and Robert C. Schull, a stockbroker. Frackelton and Schull further developed the island, but economic and market conditions forced the sale of the island in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Rattlesnake Island then became a private island that was re-sold in 1992 for $4.6 million. Frackelton and sixty-five other investors re-purchased the island in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Today, Rattlesnake Island is accessible only to the 65 members of the Rattlesnake Island Club. There are currently only about fifteen private and exclusive lots on the island. Sale of property on the island is controlled by the island club.</p><br>
<p>Most of the members travel to the island to take advantage of the private facilities, including a bar, restaurant, large pool and hot-tub, health club, tennis courts, bocci courts, miniature golf, and much more. Inside the main building, underneath the bar, is a racquetball court, basketball court, pool table, dart board, big screen television, a pinball machine, card table, and even a suit of armor. There are two landing strips for airplanes, which come and go often. These grass landing strips double as a small golf course. The pilot&#39;s lounge doubles as a pro-shop, with access to score cards and golf balls. Near the runway is a small cage containing peacocks. Members and guests on the island travel from one place to another on an electric golf cart. There are also seven hotel rooms which members can stay in for the night. Rattlesnake Island clothing can be purchased from a store located in a small shed adjacent the restaurant. In recent years, a second marina was added to the island.</p><br>
<p>The summer staff, mostly from Eastern Europe, numbers around 25 and there are separate dorms for the men and women working there. There is also a year-round caretaker and chef. The islands workers are trained to recognize each of the members and their families both by appearance and by the yacht they come in on. Any non-members will immediately be turned away by armed security guards in one of the islands two boats before the intruders even have time to dock. Because of the secrecy behind the island, many rumors and myths have arisen, including a rumor that criminal organizations use the island as a place to relax. With the tight security, the best place to view the island is atop the Perry Monument on Put-in-Bay.</p><br>
<p>In order to join the Island Club, one of the current members must quit, and the potential member must receive recommendations from at least two of the island&#39;s current members. The cost to join is estimated to be between $90,000 and $200,000 initially, as well as a monthly maintenance fee.</p><br>
<p>In September 2008 the Cleveland Scene Magazine did a follow-up article on this exclusive “country club” exposing the underside to this island retreat. The article indicated that the club isn’t as posh as some would like one to believe, rather it is a hotbed for seedy behavior and exploitation of its mainly Eastern European staff.</p><br>
<p>The reported population as of the 2000 census was only 2 persons.</p><br>
<h2>Rattlesnake Island local post</h2><br>
<p>The island operated the only USPS-sanctioned local post in the United States.</p><br>
<p>For many years, service was provided by way of a Ford Trimotor which shuttled mail between the island and the mainland. From 1966 to 1989, USPS mail was routed by way of Port Clinton, Ohio. Under revived operations, outgoing mail from the island entered the USPS mail stream by way of Sandusky, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>Local Post service began in 1966 and continued through 1989, when the island was sold and the new owners discontinued the service. It was restarted in 2005.</p><br>
<p>A notice on the official Rattlesnake Island website has posted a notice that as of 2013, the local post is closed indefinitely.</p><br>
<p>The stamps of Rattlesnake Island Local Post appear in the 2017 Edition of Phillips&#39; Modern US Local Posts CD Catalog.</p><br>
<p>Sentinel Dome is a granite dome in Yosemite National Park, United States. It lies on the south wall of Yosemite Valley, 0.8 mi southwest of Glacier Point and 1.4 mi northeast of Profile Cliff.</p><br>
<p>Sentinel Dome is known for a Jeffrey Pine that grew from its peak (see photograph). The pine was photographed as early as 1867 by Carleton Watkins, and was the subject of a well-known photograph by Ansel Adams. The tree died during the drought of 1976, but remained standing until August 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Native American name of Sentinel Dome, in the Southern Sierra Miwok language, was "Sakkaduch". The Bunnell survey named it "South Dome", but the Whitney survey renamed it Sentinel Dome (from its likeness to a watch-tower). The view from the top offers a 360 degree view of Yosemite Valley and surroundings. One can see Half Dome, El Capitan, Yosemite Falls, North Dome, Basket Dome, and much more. Sentinel Dome provides a 360 degree view of the night sky and it and nearby Glacier Point are popular places for stargazing.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking trail</h2><br>
<p>The trail to the base of Sentinel Dome is a relatively easy 1.1 mi hike. The trailhead, the same as the Taft Point trailhead, is located 6 mi from Bridalveil Creek on the Glacier Point road. Once at the base, hikers traverse the less imposing northeast granite slope to the summit. In winter, Sentinel Dome can be reached from Badger Pass by a 10-miles ski tour.</p><br>
<p>The Dachen Islands or Tachen are a group of islands off the coast of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China, in the East China Sea. They are administered by Jiaojiang District of Taizhou.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>ROC evacuation</h3><br>
<p>Until 1955, the Dachen (Tachen) Islands were administered by the Republic of China (ROC), the government of which had been based in Taiwan (200 miles south of the Dachen Islands) since major fighting ceased in the Chinese Civil War. As the People&#39;s Liberation Army advanced through Fujian Province in the late 1940s, the U.S.-supported Nationalist forces under Chiang Kai-shek&#39;s Kuomintang, retreated to China&#39;s offshore Islands. On January 20, 1955, the PLA&#39;s conquest of Yijiangshan led to the First Taiwan Strait Crisis. The Formosa Resolution of 1955 passed in Congress nine days later in the United States, leading to the orderly evacuation (Operation Pullback) of the Dachen Islands by the United States Navy in February. At the time, they served as the temporary capital of the Chekiang Province in exile. The U.S. Seventh Fleet used 132 boats and 400 aircraft to move 14,500 civilians, 10,000 Republic of China servicemen and 4,000 guerrilla fighters, along with 40,000 tons of military equipment and supplies from the island. Three days after the evacuation, the islands were taken by the People&#39;s Liberation Army. Chiang Kai-shek grudgingly allowed the island to fall to the Communists so that the other offshore island groups, Kinmen and Matsu, could be successfully defended.</p><br>
<p>The civilian population of the islands was resettled in mostly Yilan County, Taiwan, but also in other urban areas in Taiwan.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The islands are located in the Gulf of Taizhou, off the coast of Zhejiang, the People&#39;s Republic of China. The archipelago is sandwiched between Zhoushan in the north and the Nanjishan Liedao (南麂山列岛, literally Southern Muntjac Archipelago) in the south, and it is located 52 km from Jiaojiang District, which it administratively belongs to. Dachen Archipelago consists of a total of 29 islands, islets, and rocks, totaling 14.6 km².</p><br>
<p>Fishing industry had long been the backbone of the local economy and the region was one of the largest of the Chinese class II fisheries. However, after decades of over fishing, the natural resources were depleted and as a result, most of the local population was forced to migrate to the mainland in the late-1980s and the local populace experienced a drastic decrease to a fraction of what it once was. To compensate for the depletion of natural resources, aquaculture has become prosperous and the archipelago is currently one of the largest aquaculture bases in the region. However, due to the adaptation of advanced technology which significantly reduced the need of manual labor, the local population has not recovered to its peak level despite the income generated has already been higher than that of the traditional fishery peak in the past, and in fact, the current local population was not much higher than the lowest point in the late-1980s.</p><br>
<p>To diversify the local economy, tourism had become another major source of income. The annual average temperature is 16.7 &deg;C, and the climate is typical subtropical climate. The forest coverage rate is greater than 56% and it is the provincial level forest park. Due to the forces of nature such as that of tides and winds, there are many spectacular sceneries and the archipelago is called the Chinese Number One Oceanic Penjing (Zhong-Guo Di-Yi Hai-Shang Penjing, 中国第一海上盆景). Another tourist attraction was the military fortifications left behind by the nationalists during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era, because the archipelago was the site of the Battle of Dachen Archipelago in the First Taiwan Strait Crisis.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Peak, located in Rocky Peak Park, is the third-highest point in the Santa Susana Mountains, and overlooks the San Fernando Valley and Chatsworth, the Simi Hills, and the Simi Valley in Southern California. The peak, which is 2,715 ft in elevation, sits on the Los Angeles County–Ventura County line.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Rocky Peak also marks the point where the county line changes direction from true North to a more North-Westerly direction. A large railroad spike driven into the rocks mark this exact spot on the county line. Rocky Peak, which gets its name from the many large craggy boulders that dot its surface, can be viewed from several locations along Topanga Canyon Blvd., and from California State Route 118, also known as the Ronald Reagan Freeway.</p><br>
<p>The nearest neighbor is Oat Mountain, the highest mountain in the Santa Susana Mountains range, which lies east of Rocky Peak.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was part of the homeland and trading crossroads of the Tataviam, Tongva, and Chumash people for eight thousand years. The Chumash Burro Flats Painted Cave is just to the west in the Simi Hills on the Santa Susana Field Laboratory property.</p><br>
<p>Historic Santa Susana Pass is at the foot of the mountain, with the Old Santa Susana Stage Road located in the Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park nearby. Rocky Peak has been prominently featured in many classic Hollywood films, being next to three major Movie ranches; the Iverson, Spahn, and Corriganville Ranches; and its evocative Old-West Frontier landscape scenery.</p><br>
<h2>Rocky Peak Park</h2><br>
<p>Rocky Peak Park is located about 0.7 mi northwest of the peak includes the Runkle Ranch, formerly owned by entertainer Bob Hope. The park reaches five miles (8 km) northward from Simi Freeway to Las Llajas Canyon. a 4,800 acre regional open space preserve, includes the 4,400 acre Rocky Peak Park forms the most critical wildlife habitat linkage between the Santa Susana Mountains and the Simi Hills and on to the Santa Susana Mountains.</p><br>
<p>There are miles of trails, including the Rim of the Valley Trail Corridor, in Rocky Peak Park with panoramic views that are popular for hiking, mountain biking, and equestrian rides. They connect with other preserves to the northeast in the Santa Susanas. Sage Ranch Park is to the west with trails and camping. The Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park and trail system is just to the south across the highway.</p><br>
<p>Stoney Point, also known as the Stoney Point Outcroppings or Chatsworth Formation, is a Los Angeles City park near the north end of Topanga Canyon Boulevard  in Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California, part of the city of Los Angeles. Stoney Point is a popular destination for hikers, equestrians and also with rock climbers because of its large boulders, which afford many opportunities to practice the sport of bouldering. The top of the rock formation offers excellent views of Chatsworth, the Santa Susana Mountains, Coyote Pass, and the entire San Fernando Valley.</p><br>
<p>Wildlife including coyotes, rattlesnakes, red tailed hawks, golden eagles, turkey vultures, rabbits, and skunks can all be found at Stoney Point. When visiting the park, dogs should be kept on a leash for their own safety and a watchful eye should be kept for africanized "killer" bees. http://www.dailybreeze.com/general-news/20080604/killer-bees-strike-injure-hiking-boy</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Geologists know Stoney Point as the Chatsworth Formation, which are the giant rock outcroppings in Simi Hills. They are Upper Cretaceous outcroppings, which means they are more than 65 million years old. They originated in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, possibly on the continental shelf near Central America, or even near Baja California. They were formed by turbidity currents, giant “gravity slides” that deposited sand in the ocean at the depth of 4,000 to 5,000 feet. These turbidity currents were often “tens of miles in length and a half a mile or more in width” which explains the size of the mountains around the Chatsworth Formation, and makes them turbidites. In between this activity, in quiet times, silt from the ocean would settle on the formation, and because silt erodes more quickly, the different turbidity currents that formed the rock are visible.</p><br>
<p>The Chatsworth formation is part of the Pacific Plate, which grinds against the North American Plate, and therefore is continuously pushed northwest at a rate of 2.5 inches per year. The Chatsworth Formation was pushed out of the ocean, and, as part of Simi Hills, created part of the Transverse Ranges. Because any fossils left in the ocean were ground up on the journey up, there are very few fossils to be found in the area.</p><br>
<p>The sandstone is a medium-grained variety, and was originally light gray; however, the mica and clay in the rock oxidizes and turns a tan color. Not all of Chatsworth Formation has oxidized yet, and some is still light gray.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Stoney Point is the site of a Tongva Indian rancheria until the 1790s, with Spanish invasion. It is believed that the Village of Momonga was located at Stoney Point. It is culturally significant because Momonga was multilingual and multiracial, allowing intermarriage of Chumash, Fernandeno and Gabrieleno peoples. A sulphur spring, believed to possess spiritual properties runs adjacent to Stoney Point Park on the Eastern side. It is said that shamans would visit Stoney Point in preparation for the Winter Solstice celebration that drew native people from as far away as Temecula.</p><br>
<p>It was used as a marker by the Southern Pacific Railroad during construction of the railroad through the Santa Susana Mountains.</p><br>
<p>It is also said to have been used as a hideout by the outlaw Tiburcio Vasquez in the 1870s.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Site</h2><br>
<p>It was designated a historical Los Angeles Historic and Cultural Monument in 1974, because of its historic and cultural value as well as being deemed one of the "most picturesque places in Los Angeles." The facility features 81 acres of land, including a five-acre equestrian center which was purchased by the City in 2007 and is home to the Annual Chatsworth Day of the Horse Festival hosted by the Chatsworth Neighborhood Council each Spring.</p><br>
<p>During the land grab that resulted from the McKinley Act, Stoney Point was claimed by the Charlton Family of New York. Stoney Point was the site of the Charlton Quarry, one of three Chatsworth Quarries that was operated by the Bannon Mining Company. "Dimension Stone" was quarried for the nearby train tunnel. Remnants of the quarry can still be found on the eastern side of Stoney Point along the Santa Susana Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Railroad History</h2><br>
<p>Stoney Point functions as mile marker on the Southern Pacific Railroad, which links much of Southern California to Northern California. Stoney Point is located at the base of the Simi/Santa Susana Grade. Stone that was quarried at Stoney Point was used in Chatsworth&#39;s train tunnels.</p><br>
<p>When inhabited by the Gabrielino-Tongva tribe and the missionaries in the early years, the land was prime for agriculture including fruit, vegetables, wheat, and barley. However, once the railroad was in place, the heavy iron from the tracks and constant land disruption altered the availability of wilderness. Forests and vegetation had to be eliminated in order to lay the track and Native Americans had to be relocated from their homelands. Natives were forced to lose all that they had worked on when they had to leave their fertile soil and efficient irrigation. After the turn of the Century, dry farming resumed and most of the land surrounding Stoney Point was planted with citrus and olives. Today, it is surrounded by horse boarding stables and equestrian homes.</p><br>
<p>Because of a blind curve caused by Stoney Points rock formations, train operators would sound the whistle as they approached the bend. Residents complained and today&#39;s engineers sound the whistle either from the Chatsworth train depot or as they exit the tunnel at the top of the grade. The easement that connects Rinaldi Street to Andora Avenue by crossing the railroad tracks was once the "Old Mission Trail" and was the primary route to the San Fernando Mission from Chatsworth and later became known as North Andora Avenue. Later, the street name was changed to Rinaldi, but an equestrian easement remains. In 1998, Councilmember Hal Bernson included the easement in his "Guide to Equestrian Trails" and stood behind the community by keeping the easement open when the MTA tried to restrict access.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority cut down the ancient Eucalyptus trees that lined the railroad tracks in Stoney Point out of concern for the safety of park visitors should one of the trees fall on the tracks.</p><br>
<p>On September 12, 2008 at 16:22PST, a Metrolink Commuter Train collided with a cargo train resulting in 25 fatalities in what was declared the worst train wreck in USA History in over 40 years. The crash site is on the Northeast side of the park and is accessible through the park. In September 2009, Councilmember Mitchell Englander hosted a memorial at Stoney Point and a marker was placed in memory of the victims. Civilian first responders from the local community and passengers who survived the crash were in attendance.</p><br>
<h2>Gabrielino-Tongva Indians Occupy the Land</h2><br>
<p>Stoney Point was occupied by Gabrielino-Tongva (Gabrielino) Indians beginning in 6000 BC. The Gabrielino homeland offers an area rich in natural resources as well as an effective system of trade. This tribe was widely known as skilled hunter-gatherers. Faunal and floral resources were abundant and offered a wide variety based on location and season. Food sources were available year round, including rabbits, roots/bulbs, and shellfish. Some crops sprung up only once a year, such as acorns, and were collected in large numbers. Winter was the only time of the year that brought up food stresses in inland communities due to lack of fresh vegetation. The communities closer to the coast, however, fared just fine with the marine food resources.</p><br>
<p>The diversity of resources for the Gabrielino Indians was mainly due to the wide range of biotic zones in their territory. These included beach and coastal regions, fresh and salt water regions, chaparral and grassland zones, and even woodland and mountain regions. Faunal resources included land mammals, fish, insects, reptiles, and sea-mammals. Floral resources included trees, plants, seeds, bulbs, and sea grasses. Mineral resources included obsidian, chert, and other types of stones to make tools and caulking or adhesive compounds. These three resource categories satisfied all the material needs of the Gabrielino Indians.</p><br>
<p>The Gabrielinos developed sustainable diets by using the resources available to them at different times of the year. They were excellent hunters that effectively used their weapons and technology to develop strategies to utilize available resources. Meat hunting was prominent during the winter when fresh plant food wasn’t available. Fishing and sea-mammal hunting took place in the spring and summer seasons and was avoided during the fall and winter when the fish retreated to the south.</p><br>
<p>At a ritual called the Mourning Ceremony, food and manufactured items were destroyed to restrict the amount of goods available. This Ceremony took place in hopes to maintain the demand for the services as well as skills of the craftsmen of the village.</p><br>
<p>Gabrielino Indians believed that greediness and food hoarding were reprehensible traits and thus the proper management of food resources was evident in their culture. Fishermen and hunters were prohibited from consuming their own kill in order to discourage hoarding. At certain times of the year, large populations of people would get together to collect seasonal crops or collaborate in large-scale hunts. It was important to the Gabrielino Indians that the entire village population participated in harvesting seeds in the plain.</p><br>
<p>The Gabrielinos made sure to minimize their ecological footprint as much as possible to follow their beliefs. These Indians were very interested in the spiritual world, and members of the communities called shamans would interpret the environment. They believed that the universe was always in a state of flux, which explains their desire to maintain the preservation of the environment and the resources it provides them with. They turned to these shamans to continue the proper alignment of forces in the universe as well as tap into heavenly bodies to perform sacred rituals. The only main way they left a significant impact on the land was through rock art, which was harmless to the environment. They used two different techniques: petroglyphs (rock carving) and pictographs (rock paintings). Pictured here is a petroglyph of a rabbit or squirrel, it can be found to the left of the "X" that is carved into the face of the rock that is at the center of the photo. Most art was created during ceremonies as elaborate rituals. Following generations have preserved the remaining artwork in museums around the region, but some ancient rock art sites of the Gabrielino Indians can still be visited in the area throughout Stoney Point.</p><br>
<p>Water catch basins and mortars used for grinding nuts and seeds can still be found on the uppermost boulders at Stoney Point.</p><br>
<p>It wasn’t until the creation of the California Missions, built by the Spaniards beginning in 1769, stripped the Indians of their land and turned it into an urban dwellers’ area. The creek bed on the West side of Stoney Point was the western boundary of the San Fernando Mission. By 1834, Ranchos of California were also being created on Indian land. It was actually the construction of railroads and other forms of industrialization by settlers other than the Indians that created the greatest amount of harmful change to the land around Stoney Point.</p><br>
<h2>Movies and Television</h2><br>
<p>Stoney Point has been the backdrop in many movies and television shows since the silent film era. Doll House, Seinfeld, and CSI: Las Vegas have all used Stoney Point as a location.</p><br>
<h2>Rock climbing</h2><br>
<p>Climbing development began at Stoney Point in the 1930s when it was discovered by young climbers then active in the Sierra Club. In the 50s and 60s pioneering rock-climbers Royal Robbins and Yvon Chouinard learned to climb at Stoney Point. Other famous climbers such as Bob Kamps, Ron Kauk, John Long, John Bachar also started to climb at Stoney Point.</p><br>
<p>From 1959 to 1995 one of Americas most accomplished climbers Bob Kamps was a regular to be seen on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons. He was always available to teach anyone his art, as was another monumental free-solo climber Michael Reardon.</p><br>
<p>In the &#39;70s the Stonemasters (a local group of climbers determined to put their own stamp on the sport of rock climbing) also frequented Stoney Point.</p><br>
<p>Stoney Point has a long history of association with rock climbing and bouldering yet there are few first ascents recorded. This may be because it is viewed as a practice area and therefore not significant from a first ascent point of view.</p><br>
<p>The rock is sandstone, which makes it less painful on the hands while bouldering, allowing climbers to boulder for long periods of time without worrying about the pain. But after it has rained, and soaked the rock, parts of the rocks are prone to break away. While Stoney Point does not close, climbers are advised to take greater care after a lot of rain. Otherwise the climbing season at Stoney Point lasts all year. Some people have taken advantage of the easiness of the rock to chip, and have created their own chips by breaking off pieces. Climbers look down upon this practice.</p><br>
<p>There is a great variety of bouldering routes to choose from, ranging from easy to hard, based on the Yosemite Decimal System for rock climbing, and the Hueco scale for bouldering. Beginners and advanced climbers will find something for them from among more than 150 routes.</p><br>
<h2>Boulders</h2><br>
<p>Boulder 1 area- featuring famous bouldering climbs such as "leaping lizards", "Yabo&#39;s Mantle" and "three pigs"</p><br>
<p>Pile Ups- offers a traverse up the arete of the boulder.</p><br>
<p>Turlock - highball bouldering with an anchor on top for the top ropers. Features famous climbs such as the "Crowd Pleaser" and "Crystal Ball"</p><br>
<p>B1 Boulder - High difficulty climbs such as "Master of Reality", "The Crack"</p><br>
<p>Amorgos  is the easternmost island of the Cyclades island group, and the nearest island to the neighboring Dodecanese island group in Greece. Along with several neighboring islets, the largest of which is Nikouria Island, it comprises the municipality of Amorgos, which has a land area of 126.346 km², and a population of 1,973 .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Due to Amorgos&#39; position opposite the ancient beaches of Ionian towns, such as Militos, Alikarnassos and Ephesos, it became one of the first places from which the Ionians passed through to the Cyclades Islands and onto the Greek mainland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Throughout history, Amorgos was also known as Yperia, Patagy, or Platagy, Pagali, Psichia and Karkisia.</p><br>
<p>Amorgos features a lot of remnants of ancient civilizations. At the time of Archaic Greece, there were three independent city-states there. They are believed to have featured autonomous constitutions but the same currency. Amorgos is distinguished by the size and quality of the walls surrounding the city of Arkesini, by the ancient towers whose remains are scattered all over the island, by the ancient tombs, the stone tools, the inscriptions, the vases and by other antiquities.</p><br>
<p>Due to the name Minoa we suspect that Amorgos had been colonised by the Cretans from ancient times, but there are no archeological remains supporting this view.</p><br>
<h3>Early Cycladic period</h3><br>
<p>Almost a dozen separate inhabited centres are known in this period. Amorgos is the origin of many famous Cycladic figurines. ‘Dokathismata style’ figurines were originally found here. Cycladic sculptures had been discovered from the cemeteries at Aghia Paraskevi, Aghios Pavlos, Dokathismata, Kapros, Kapsala, Nikouria and Stavros.</p><br>
<p>Kapsala Cycladic figurines, dating around 2700 B.C., are named after a find place in Amorgos. This is the earliest of the canonical types – a reclining female with folded arms. They tend to have slender and elongated proportions. At this time, anatomical features such as arms are modeled three-dimensionally. With the later types, sculptors tended to render this feature with incised lines.</p><br>
<p>Dokathismata Cycladic figurines date from a somewhat later period of 2400–2100 BC. Compared to the statuettes of the Spedos type—the most common and renowned type of figurines featuring finely modeled and somewhat rounded shapes—the statuettes of the Dokathismata type tend to have a more slender and sometimes angular silhouette.</p><br>
<h3>Classical period</h3><br>
<p>Part of the island is named Aspis, where the ancient temple of the goddess Aphrodite stood.</p><br>
<p>In approximately 630 BC, the poet Semonides led the foundation of a Samian colony on Amorgos. The Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax mentions it as Tripolis. With the passing of time, the island&#39;s name changed to Amolgon and Amourgon. In the 5th century, Bishop Theodore, who attended a synod in Constantinople, signed as Bishop of the Parians, Sifnians, and Amoulgians. It was known as Yamurgi during Ottoman rule between 1566–1829.</p><br>
<p>On 9 July 1956, a very large earthquake occurred that generated a local tsunami of up to 30 m. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.7 and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Fifty-three people were killed and 100 were injured.</p><br>
<h2>Government</h2><br>
<p>The names of the three cities given by Stephanus Byzantinus are Arkesini, Minoa, Aigiali or Melania which, according to inscriptions, are the most correct. The three towns are on the island&#39;s west coast because that is where bays and natural ports that could provide the proper positioning for seaside towns and forts exist.</p><br>
<p>Aigiali was on the north East Side of the island close to the present day locations of Tholaria and Stroumvos and to this day can still be found there. Minoa is situated at the center of the northern side near the present day village of Katapola and Arkesini close to the present-day lowland location Kastri.</p><br>
<p>Excavations and findings, especially burial tombs, prove the intense presence of Amorgos during the prehistoric years, particularly during the first period of Cycladic civilisation (3200 to 2000 BC).</p><br>
<h2>Cinema and popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The island was featured in Luc Bessons film The Big Blue. Agia Anna and the monastery of Panagia Hozoviotissa can be seen in the film. The island was also featured in Giorgos Kordelass film Ariadni of 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Municipal districts</h2><br>
<p>The municipality of Amorgos is subdivided into the following communities (population at 2011 census and constituent villages within brackets):</p><br>
<p>Aigiali (514, Aigiali, Agios Pavlos, Ormos Egialis, Potamos)</p><br>
<p>Amorgos (409, Chora, Kastelopetra)</p><br>
<p>Arkesini (179, Arkesini, Kalotaritissa, Kalofana, Mavri Myti, Rachoula)</p><br>
<p>Katapola (595, Katapola, Lefkes, Nera, Xylokeratidi, Pera Rachidi, Rachidi, Christoulaki)</p><br>
<p>Tholaria (189, Tholaria, Paralia Tholarion)</p><br>
<p>Vroutsis (87, Vroutsis, Kamari)</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<h2>Landmarks</h2><br>
<p>The monastery of Panagia Hozoviotissa is situated on the cliff side, northeast of Chora. It was built early in the second millennium in order to protect a religious icon, dating from the year 812, from intruders. The icon is on public display inside the monastery. Opening time for visitors every day from 8:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m and 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. Visitors have to be dressed decently in order to enter. Men have to wear long trousers and women a skirt or a wrap around shift down to the knee, not trousers. The shift may however be over trousers. As of July 2012, the monastery is active and houses three practising monks.</p><br>
<p>Tourism is going up slowly, although the island features prevent mass tourism. The island is accessible only by boat. The 3 main places of tourist accommodations are Katapola, Aegiali and Chora. Hiking ways are relatively well maintained. Other activities are scuba diving, activities relating to wellness, and the beaches (although it is not the main attraction of the island compared to other Greek islands).</p><br>
<p>Donegal Bay  is an inlet  in the northwest of Ireland. Three counties &ndash; Donegal to the north and west, Leitrim and Sligo to the south &ndash; have shorelines on the bay, which is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. The town of Donegal and the River Eske lie at the head of the bay.</p><br>
<p>Donegal Bay was also the site of the assassination of Earl Mountbatten of Burma, whose unguarded boat was attacked with an explosive by terrorists of the Irish Republican Army in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Donegal Bay is Ireland&#39;s largest bay, and also contains Ulster&#39;s highest (and Europe&#39;s sixth-highest) sea cliffs at Slieve League, which tower 1972 ft (601 m) above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Donegal Bay&#39;s beaches have some of Europe&#39;s finest surfing, caused by a combination by a direct west-facing location and the funnel-shape of Donegal Bay (the westerlies of the Atlantic Ocean get funnelled into a relatively small area, which increases the size of the swell). Rossnowlagh and Bundoran are recognised by the European surfing community as among Ireland&#39;s finest surf beaches with good facilities and excellent water quality.</p><br>
<h2>Towns on the Bay</h2><br>
<p>* Ballyshannon</p><br>
<p>* Bundoran</p><br>
<p>* Coolmore</p><br>
<p>* Donegal</p><br>
<p>* Killybegs</p><br>
<p>* Mountcharles</p><br>
<p>* Mullaghmore</p><br>
<p>* Rossnowlagh</p><br>
<p>* Tullaghan</p><br>
<h2>Rivers that empty into the bay</h2><br>
<p>* River Drowes (between Bundoran and Tullaghan)</p><br>
<p>* River Erne (at Ballyshannon)</p><br>
<p>* River Eske (at Donegal Town)</p><br>
<h2>Islands in the bay</h2><br>
<p>* Isle of St Ernan</p><br>
<p>* Belle&#39;s Isle</p><br>
<p>* Rotten Island</p><br>
<h2>Geographical coordinates</h2><br>
<p>* Latitude: 54° 40&#39; N (54.67)</p><br>
<p>* Longitude: 9° 04&#39; W (-9.07)</p><br>
<p>* NWS buoy: 62093 M4</p><br>
<p>Philae  is currently an island in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt. Philae was originally located near the expansive First Cataract of the Nile in Upper Egypt and was the site of an Egyptian temple complex. These rapids and the surrounding area have been variously flooded since the initial construction of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902. The temple complex was later dismantled and relocated to nearby Agilkia Island as part of the UNESCO Nubia Campaign project, protecting this and other complexes before the 1970 completion of the Aswan High Dam.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Philae is mentioned by numerous ancient writers, including Strabo, Diodorus Siculus, Ptolemy, Seneca, Pliny the Elder. It was, as the plural name indicates, the appellation of two small islands situated in latitude 24° north, just above the First Cataract near Aswan (Egyptian Swenet "Trade;" Συήνη). Groskurd computes the distance between these islands and Aswan at about 100 km.</p><br>
<p>Despite being the smaller island, Philae proper was, from the numerous and picturesque ruins formerly there, the more interesting of the two. Prior to the inundation, it was not more than 380 m long and about 120 m broad. It is composed of syenite: its sides are steep and on their summits a lofty wall was built encompassing the island.</p><br>
<p>Since Philae was said to be one of the burying-places of Osiris, it was held in high reverence both by the Egyptians to the north and the Nubians (often referred to as "Ethiopians" in Greek) to the south. It was deemed profane for any but priests to dwell there and was accordingly sequestered and denominated "the Unapproachable" (ἄβατος). It was reported too that neither birds flew over it nor fish approached its shores. These indeed were the traditions of a remote period; since in the time of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, Philae was so much resorted to, partly by pilgrims to the tomb of Osiris, partly by persons on secular errands, that the priests petitioned Ptolemy VIII Physcon (170-117 BC) to prohibit public functionaries at least from coming there and living at their expense.</p><br>
<p>In the nineteenth century, William John Bankes took the Philae obelisk on which this petition was engraved to England. When its Egyptian hieroglyphs were compared with those of the Rosetta Stone, it threw great light upon the Egyptian consonantal alphabet.</p><br>
<p>The islands of Philae were not, however, merely sacerdotal abodes; they were the centres of commerce also between Meroë and Memphis. For the rapids of the cataracts were at most seasons impracticable, and the commodities exchanged between Egypt and Nubia were reciprocally landed and re-embarked at Syene and Philae.</p><br>
<p>The neighbouring granite quarries also attracted a numerous population of miners and stonemasons; and, for the convenience of this traffic, a gallery or road was formed in the rocks along the east bank of the Nile, portions of which are still extant.</p><br>
<p>Philae also was remarkable for the singular effects of light and shade resulting from its position near the Tropic of Cancer. As the sun approached its northern limit the shadows from the projecting cornices and moldings of the temples sink lower and lower down the plain surfaces of the walls, until, the sun having reached its highest altitude, the vertical walls are overspread with dark shadows, forming a striking contrast with the fierce light which illuminates all surrounding objects.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The most conspicuous feature of both islands was their architectural wealth. Monuments of various eras, extending from the Pharaohs to the Caesars, occupy nearly their whole area. The principal structures, however, lay at the south end of the smaller island.</p><br>
<p>The most ancient was a temple for Isis, built in the reign of Nectanebo I during 380-362 BC, which was approached from the river through a double colonnade. Nekhtnebef was his ancient Egyptian royal titulary and he became the founding pharaoh of the Thirtieth and last native dynasty when he deposed and killed Nepherites II.</p><br>
<p>For the most part, the other ruins date from the Ptolemaic Kingdom, more especially with the reigns of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Ptolemy V Epiphanes, and Ptolemy VI Philometor (282-145 BC), with many traces of Roman work in Philae dedicated to Ammon-Osiris.</p><br>
<p>In front of the propyla were two colossal lions in granite, behind which stood a pair of obelisks, each 13 m high. The propyla were pyramidal in form and colossal in dimensions. One stood between the dromos and pronaos, another between the pronaos and the portico, while a smaller one led into the sekos or adyton. At each corner of the adytum stood a monolithic shrine, the cage of a sacred hawk. Of these shrines one is now in the Louvre, the other in the Museum at Florence.</p><br>
<p>Beyond the entrance into the principal court are small temples, one of which, dedicated to Isis, Hathor, and a wide range of deities related to midwifery, is covered with sculptures representing the birth of Ptolemy Philometor, under the figure of the god Horus. The story of Osiris is everywhere represented on the walls of this temple, and two of its inner chambers are particularly rich in symbolic imagery. Upon the two great propyla are Greek inscriptions intersected and partially destroyed by Egyptian figures cut across them.</p><br>
<p>The monuments in both islands indeed attested, beyond any others in the Nile valley, the survival of pure Egyptian art centuries after the last of the Pharaohs had ceased to reign. Great pains have been taken to mutilate the sculptures of this temple. The work of demolition is attributable, in the first instance, to the zeal of the early Christians, and afterward, to the policy of the Iconoclasts, who curried favour for themselves with the Byzantine court by the destruction of images as well as Christian ones. It&#39;s notable that images/icons of Horus are often less mutilated than the other carvings. In some wall scenes, every figure and hieroglyphic text except that of Horus and his winged solar-disk representation have been meticulously scratched out by early Christians. This is presumably because the early Christians had some degree of respect for Horus or the legend of Horus - it may be because they saw parallels between the stories of Jesus and Horus (see Jesus in comparative mythology#Ancient Egypt).</p><br>
<p>The soil of Philae had been prepared carefully for the reception of its buildings&ndash;being leveled where it was uneven, and supported by masonry where it was crumbling or insecure. For example, the western wall of the Great Temple, and the corresponding wall of the dromos, were supported by very strong foundations, built below the pre-inundation level of the water, and rested on the granite which in this region forms the bed of the Nile. Here and there steps were hewn out from the wall to facilitate the communication between the temple and the river.</p><br>
<p>At the southern extremity of the dromos of the Great Temple was a smaller temple, apparently dedicated to Hathor; at least the few columns that remained of it are surmounted with the head of that goddess. Its portico consisted of twelve columns, four in front and three deep. Their capitals represented various forms and combinations of the palm branch, the doum palm branch, and the lotus flower. These, as well as the sculptures on the columns, the ceilings, and the walls were painted with the most vivid colors, which, owing to the dryness of the climate, have lost little of their original brilliance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Pharaonic era</h3><br>
<p>The ancient Egyptian name of the smaller island meant "boundary". As their southern frontier, the pharaohs of Egypt kept there a strong garrison, and it was also a barracks for Macedonian and Roman soldiers in their turn. The first temple structure, which was built by native pharaohs of the 30th dynasty, was the one for Hathor.</p><br>
<h3>Greco-Roman era</h3><br>
<p>The island temple was built during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The principal deity of the temple complex was Isis, but other temples and shrines were dedicated to other deities such as Hathor. Egyptologists believe that Philae was the last active site of the native ancient Egyptian religion, and that the last Egyptian hieroglyph was written there in the late fourth century.</p><br>
<p>The temple was closed down officially in the sixth century by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I (527-565). Philae was subsequently a seat of Christianity. Ruins of a church have been discovered and more than one adyton bore traces of having been made to serve at different eras the purposes of a chapel of Osiris and of Jesus.</p><br>
<h3>1800s</h3><br>
<p>The island of Philae attracted much attention in the 19th century. In the 1820s, Joseph Bonomi the Younger, a British Egyptologist and museum curator visited the island. So did Amelia Edwards, a British novelist in 1873&ndash;1874.</p><br>
<p>These visits are only a small sample of the great interest that Victorian-era Britain had for Egypt. Soon, tourism to Philae became common.</p><br>
<h3>1900s</h3><br>
<h4>Aswan Low Dam</h4><br>
<p>In 1902, the Aswan Low Dam was completed on the Nile River by the British. This threatened many ancient landmarks, including the temple complex of Philae, with being submerged. The height of the dam was raised twice, from 1907–1912 and from 1929–1934, and the island of Philae was nearly always flooded. In fact, the only times that the complex was not underwater was when the dam&#39;s sluices were open from July to October.</p><br>
<p>It was proposed that the temples be relocated, piece by piece, to nearby islands, such as Bigeh or Elephantine. However, the temples foundations and other architectural supporting structures were strengthened instead. Although the buildings were physically secure, the islands attractive vegetation and the colors of the temples&#39; reliefs were washed away. Also, the bricks of the Philae temples soon became encrusted with silt and other debris carried by the Nile.</p><br>
<h4>Rescue project</h4><br>
<p>The temples had been practically intact since the ancient days, but with each inundation the situation worsened and in the 1960s the island was submerged up to a third of the buildings all year round.</p><br>
<p>In 1960 UNESCO started a project to try to save the buildings on the island from the destructive effect of the ever-increasing waters of the Nile. First, building three dams and creating a separate lake with lower water levels was considered.</p><br>
<p>First of all, a large coffer dam was built, constructed of two rows of steel plates between which a 1 e6m3 of sand was tipped. Any water that seeped through was pumped away.</p><br>
<p>Next the monuments were cleaned and measured, by using photogrammetry, a method that enables the exact reconstruction of the original size of the building blocks that were used by the ancients. Then every building was dismantled into about 40,000 units, and then transported to the nearby Island of Agilkia, situated on higher ground some 500 m away.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby locations of interest</h2><br>
<p>Prior to the inundation, a little west of Philae lay a larger island, anciently called Snem or Senmut, but now Bigeh. It is very steep, and from its most elevated peak affords a fine view of the Nile, from its smooth surface south of the islands to its plunge over the shelves of rock that form the First Cataract. Philae, Bigeh and another lesser island divided the river into four principal streams, and north of them it took a rapid turn to the west and then to the north, where the cataract begins.</p><br>
<p>Bigeh, like Philae, was a holy island; its ruins and rocks are inscribed with the names and titles of Amenhotep III, Ramesses II, Psamtik II, Apries, and Amasis II, together with memorials of the later Macedonian and Roman rulers of Egypt. Its principal ruins consisted of the propylon and two columns of a temple, which was apparently of small dimensions, but of elegant proportions. Near them were the fragments of two colossal granite statues and also an excellent piece of masonry of much later date, having the aspect of an arch belonging to a church or mosque.</p><br>
<p>Mount Belinda is a stratovolcano on Montagu Island, in the South Sandwich Islands of the Scotia Sea. A part of the British Overseas Territory, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Mount Belinda is also the highest peak in the South Sandwich Islands, at 1,370 m .</p><br>
<p>Belinda was inactive until late 2001, when it erupted. The eruption produced large quantities of basaltic lava, melting the thick cover of ice that had accumulated while the volcano lay dormant, and "producing a marvelous natural laboratory; for studying lava-ice interactions relevant to the biology of extreme environments as well as to processes believed to be important on Mars."</p><br>
<p>The activity throughout 2005 marked the highest levels yet. The increase in activity in the fall of 2005 produced an active 3.5 km-long lava flow, extending from the summit cone of Mount Belinda to the sea. The flow spread northeast from the volcanic vent, and then became diverted due north by an arête. and in 2010 the only activity was from scattered fumeroles and cooling lava.</p><br>
<p>Bell Island is an island located off the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada in Conception Bay. Measuring 9.7 km in length and 3.5 km in width, it has an area of 34 km². The subsurface is composed of Ordovician sandstone and shale with red hematite. It was once the site of large iron ore mines.</p><br>
<p>It is home to three communities, the largest of which is the incorporated town of Wabana. The provincial government operates a ferry service from Portugal Cove to Bell island daily. It is primarily used by commuters who work in the St. John&#39;s metropolitan area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Probably settled by Maritime Archaic and/or Dorset people, Bell Island, as with the rest of the island of Newfoundland, was probably inhabited by the Beothuk Nation at the time of European discovery.</p><br>
<p>The first European inhabitants settled during the 18th century and attempted to farm and fish, with the island having a subsistence economy throughout much of the 19th century. The first recorded settler was an Englishman, Gregory Normore, in 1740.</p><br>
<p>The economy expanded tremendously during the 1890s when iron ore mining began near the community of Wabana.</p><br>
<p>Wabana grew to become the islands largest community and the mine became one of the largest producers of iron ore in northeastern North America. The mines workings extended beneath the seabed of Conception Bay, creating one of the most extensive submarine iron mines in the world.</p><br>
<p>Most of Bell Island&#39;s ore was shipped from loading facilities to Sydney, Nova Scotia where it was smelted in a steel mill. The steel mill at Sydney and the iron mine at Bell Island were owned by the Dominion Steel and Coal Company (DOSCO), which at one point was one of the largest private employers in Canada.</p><br>
<h3>World War II</h3><br>
<p>Two QF 4.7-inch B Mark IV* guns were emplaced on Bell Island early in World War II. They can still be seen on their mountings.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War, the anchorage for bulk carriers shipping iron ore was attacked by German U-boats in two attacks on 5 September and 2 November 1942, by U-513 and U-518. Four ships were sunk and 70 merchant mariners lost their lives:</p><br>
<p>SS Saganaga</p><br>
<p>SS Lord Strathcona</p><br>
<p>SS P.L.M 27</p><br>
<p>SS Rose Castle</p><br>
<p>In addition to the four cargo ships, an errant German torpedo also struck the DOSCO iron ore loading dock on shore. A memorial overlooks the waters at Lance Cove where the wrecks lie just a few hundred yards offshore. Bell Island was one of the very few locations in North America to see enemy action during the war, and the only location in North America to be subject to direct attack by German forces during World War II (due to the errant torpedo hitting land).</p><br>
<h3>Closure of iron ore mine</h3><br>
<p>Being an underground operation, the Bell Island iron ore mine was extremely expensive to operate. During the 1950s, some of the largest surface iron ore deposits in the world were discovered in northeastern Quebec and the western part of Labrador. After the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway was built in the latter part of the decade, Bell Island iron ore became uncompetitive.</p><br>
<p>During the early 1960s, the steel and coal industries on Cape Breton Island began to falter in the face of foreign competition. In 1966 the steel mill in Sydney and nearby coal mines were slated to be closed. At the same time, iron ore mining at Wabana stopped.</p><br>
<p>Bell Islands resource-based economy was hard-hit by the shutdown, resulting in a large out-migration of residents. Some moved to the nearby growing metropolitan centre of St. Johns. In recent decades a reverse move has occurred where housing is being built on Bell Island to accommodate residents who wish to commute by ferry (20 minutes each direction) to Portugal Cove and travel to work in the city.</p><br>
<p>The scenic and sheltered waters of Conception Bay are also seeing an increase in pleasure boating activity as the suburban communities grow around nearby Conception Bay South.</p><br>
<p>In September 2015, concerns were expressed over the possible collapse of the abandoned tunnels that formed part of the Bell Island mine. A retired miner, Peter Young, told CBC Radio&#39;s On The Go that tunnels under the abandoned mines, going down as far as two kilometres, hold the potential for a large-scale disaster. He felt that a collapse would initiate a local earthquake giving rise to the secondary effect of the water level in Conception Bay around the mine dropping which in turn could force a tsunami from the surrounding ocean.</p><br>
<h2>Bell Island boom</h2><br>
<p>On April 2, 1978, there was a loud explosion on Bell Island which caused damage to some houses and the electrical house wiring in the surrounding area. Two cup-shaped holes about two feet deep and three feet wide marked the major impact. A number of TV sets in Lance Cove, the surrounding community, exploded at the time of the blast. It was initially thought to be caused by ball lightning.</p><br>
<p>Meteorologists confirmed that atmospheric conditions at the time were not conducive to lightning. The boom was heard 55 kilometers away in Cape Broyle. The impact occurred in the Bickfordville area, on the southwestern side of the island.</p><br>
<p>The incident was investigated by John Warren and Robert Freyman from Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, in New Mexico. It has been speculated that, due to the two men&#39;s place of work, they were investigating a secret weapons test and were military attachés. However, reacting to data received from the Vela satellites, they were in fact investigating a "superbolt" – an unusually large bolt of lightning, lasting an unusually long time: about a thousandth of a second.</p><br>
<p>A documentary that aired on the History Channel about electromagnetic pulse weapons investigated the speculation that the incident may have been a result of top secret experiments. It was postulated that either the Soviet or the USA governments were the cause of the attack and that it involved high energy beams focused into the ionosphere that were attracted by the iron in abandoned mines. In the Skeptoid podcast The Bell Island Boom, presenter Brian Dunning dismissed that theory, stating, "Although iron is magnetic and can be magnetized, natural iron ore has its molecules jumbled in every direction and rarely happens to have a significant magnetic field, certainly not strong enough to divert or attract a particle beam." Although some have pointed out that the natural oolitic iron ore on Bell Island is magnetic due to its hematite content, such ore does not generate a magnetic field, for the reasons Dunning discussed.</p><br>
<h2>Bell Island mine expedition</h2><br>
<p>Steve Lewis, an experienced cave diver, wreck diver and member of The Explorers Club, led a team that photographed and assessed the Bell Island mine for "condition, safety and feasibility" of future research in 2006. On February 4, 2007, expedition member Joseph T. Steffen died of an air embolism during a dive into the mine. The project continued despite the loss of this explorer and team members managed to lay approximately two kilometers of line and document many of the mine&#39;s artifacts. Their report also provided the Bell Island Heritage Society with important information on artifacts left when mining operations ended in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Radio Bell Island 93.9 FM</h2><br>
<p>On November 5, 2012, Radio Bell Island Inc. received approval by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to operate a new low power community FM radio station in Bell Island.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Allan Hawco</p><br>
<p>David Brazil (politician)</p><br>
<p>David Jackman (politician)</p><br>
<p>Harry Hibbs (musician)</p><br>
<p>Lithia Park is the largest and most central park of Ashland, Oregon. It consists of 93 acre of forested canyonland around Ashland Creek, stretching from the downtown plaza up toward its headwaters near Mount Ashland. Its name originates from lithium oxide  or "lithia," which is found in the stream water pumped to the park.</p><br>
<p>The park has two large greens, a bandshell for public musical performances, two duck ponds, a large playground, tennis courts, community buildings and, in winter, an ice skating rink. It also offers picnic areas and miles of hiking trails.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area which now comprises the entrance to Lithia Park was the site of Abel Helman and Eber Emery&#39;s flour mill, the first building in what is now the city of Ashland&mdash;established in 1852. By the time the town (then called Ashland Mills) had grown up around the area, the old mill had become an eyesore, dirty with livestock and the mill all but abandoned.</p><br>
<p>The Chautauqua movement was very influential in Ashland, and many of the members of the Ladies Chautauqua Club formed the Women&#39;s Civic Improvement Club. Central to the focus of the club was the establishment of a park in Ashland. In 1908, after lobbying the city council, an amendment to the city charter was made establishing an elected park commission and setting aside all city-owned property bordering Ashland Creek for use as a park.</p><br>
<p>In 1907 a lithia water spring was discovered at Emigrant Creek several miles to the east. Upon analysis, the water was shown to have the second-highest concentration of (presumably beneficial) lithium in any natural spring (the highest being in the famous springs of Saratoga, New York). Bert Greer, a journalist, moved to Ashland in 1911 and purchased the Ashland Tidings newspaper. He agitated for the idea of establishing a mineral water resort at Ashland, and campaigned for a bond issue to fund mineral springs-related improvements to the park.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, the bond issue was passed, and the park commission engaged John McLaren, landscape architect of San Francisco&#39;s Golden Gate Park, to design improvements to the park. Additionally, Smith, Emery and Company were retained to do the necessary plumbing to pipe the "healthful" mineral waters into the park. During the ensuing period, much controversy arose over the spending of money and control of the park. The bond issue had placed authority in the hands of the Mineral Springs Commission (headed by Greer), and in 1916 Ashlanders voted to return control of the (now-named) Lithia Springs Park to the park commission.</p><br>
<p>During this period, in 1915, the park commission opened a free auto camp along the margins of the park, which remained popular, with several rounds of improvements to campsites and facilities, until closed.</p><br>
<p>Interest in a mineral springs resort faded (though was briefly revived in the 1920s). Plantings by the WPA under Chet Corry (appointed superintendent in 1937) improved the landscaping of the park entrance. Corry also implemented a new approach, bringing many native plants and landscaping features into the park.</p><br>
<p>During the next several years, the park commission expanded to establish many parks in Ashland; however, Lithia Park itself fell into disrepair. Financial and maintenance strains caused many features of the park to decay, and vandals destroyed several landmarks.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, a huge blow was dealt to the park when a devastating flood scoured much of the parkland. Ashlanders again voted for additional funding for the park, which went into repairing the storm damage as well as improvements and repairs. A subsequent flood, in early 1997, again damaged much of the park and the downtown Ashland Plaza area. Significant structural work on Ashland Creek and the parks bridges in the years following this flood helped to prevent further disaster and turned Lithia Park it into the centerpiece of the town that it is today.</p><br>
<p>The park was named by the American Planning Association as one of 10 Great Public Spaces in America in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Paramount Arts Center is a historic theater located in Ashland, Kentucky, in the United States. Listed as the Paramount Theatre on the National Register of Historic Places, this theater is an important part of theater in Kentucky.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Paramount Arts Center, at that time known as the Paramount Theater, was one of the first transitional theatres built for "talking pictures" and was to be a model theatre for others around the country to showcase films produced by Paramount Pictures. The Great Depression, however, soon changed the course of events for the theater, as Paramount had decided to do away with the project altogether. The plans were picked up by an Ashland-based company with Paramount craftsmen providing the interior furnishings - and the building was then leased to Paramount Publix Corporation. Because of the change in plans, the original design by Rapp and Rapp was scaled back by one third. Had the Depression not caused a redesign, the Paramount would be three times as large.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, Mike Myers of Ashland reported that the original general contractor was Wade Gates of Ashland. Gates&#39;s secretary, Marie Duncan, provided this information.</p><br>
<p>The Paramount first opened on September 5, 1931, and closed forty years later in 1971. In 1972, the Greater Ashland Foundation (Foundation for the Tri-State Community), was created. Under the leadership of Ashland Oil Inc. Foundation President Paul G. Blazer, Jr. (son of Ashland Oil & Refining Company founder Paul G. Blazer) one half of the corpus of the terminating Stuart M. Blazer Foundation was gifted and used for the Greater Ashland Foundation&#39;s purchase of the Paramount Theatre and establishing it as a performing arts center. It opened that same year under the new name "Paramount Arts Center". The theater has undergone several renovations since 1972, most recently in 2002 when a new stagehouse was added and new dressing rooms, rehearsal space and banquet facility were added in a nearby building that was purchased in 1998. In addition, this renovated space was connected to the main building.</p><br>
<p>The theater now operates as a non-profit organization, showing symphonies, Broadway plays, ballets and other productions. In addition, in 1992 the music video for the song "Achy Breaky Heart" by Billy Ray Cyrus was filmed here.</p><br>
<h2>2006 water damage</h2><br>
<p>The Paramount Arts Center suffered major water damage in November 2006. It occurred when a beauty pageant contestant hung a dress from a water sprinkler while using a steamer to remove wrinkles. Heat from the steam set off the sprinkler system. Water poured from the second floor causing close to $30,000 US dollars in damage to the building.</p><br>
<h2>Haunting</h2><br>
<p>It is said that during early renovation work on the Paramount Theatre, a death occurred there and the man&#39;s ghost has since haunted the Paramount. According to the story, in the early 1940s, four construction workers from Boyd Theater Company in Cincinnati, Ohio were working on a project inside the auditorium. It is reported that all of them had gone to lunch except one man, named Joe. When the other three returned, they are said to have found Joe hanging from the curtain rigging, dead. Allegedly, since that time, sounds have been heard, things have gone missing, cold drafts have been felt, and the image of a man has been seen to appear on occasion. Despite this, most versions of the story refer to Joe as a "good ghost"—one who seems to look out for the benefit of the theatre and its occupants.</p><br>
<p>When Billy Ray Cyrus was at the Paramount filming his video for "Achy Breaky Heart," he was told about the legend of Paramount Joe. Between breaks, Billy Ray claimed to talk to Joe, laughing and joking with him, and sometimes even asking for his help. It is customary to get 8 x 10 photographs signed by each performer that appears at the Paramount and then hang the photo on the Wall of Fame in the box office. Billy Ray personally autographed large color posters to each of the female employees working here at the time - and one with a personal inscription to Paramount Joe, whom he now had a fondness for. Each lady put her poster near her desk and Joes was hung in the box office, near all the other performers. As time passed and the walls in the box office became too full of 8x10s signed by other performers, the executive director felt that some of the pictures and posters needed to come down. Since there were so many of Billy Ray, she asked the women to remove their posters since they were all so similar. Nobody wanted to take their personally autographed picture of Billy Ray down so they took down the one he had signed to Paramount Joe. The next day, when the ladies came to work, the story has it that every single 8x10 and poster that had been hanging neatly on the walls the night before were now lined strewn on the floor, many of their glass frames shattered, as if someone had wiped each one off the wall. To this day, Paramount Joes poster still hangs in the Paramount, in a very special part of The Marquee Room, which is now the site of Paramount Joes Rising Star Café.</p><br>
<p>There is another story about two new employees wanted to investigate the basement in the Paramount and some old items that had been stored there. The marketing director had offered to take the two new female employees into the basement and turned on the lights at the top of the stairs. The ladies hurried down the steps. At that moment the marketing director was called to take a phone call inside the office. He told the other two employees to wait, he would be right back. In their excitement however, they did not hear him and they continued on. Recounting the story later, it was at this point they called up to him to turn on the next light for them. As it turned out, he was on the phone longer than expected and met the ladies as they were coming back up the steps. "Thanks for turning on the light for us," one of them is told to have said, "but we can&#39;t get it to turn off." Puzzled, the man explained that he had not turned on the light for them – and in fact, could not turn on the light. They lead him back into the basement, only to be met by darkness. "Well, thanks Joe," called out one of the ladies.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, marketing director Tyson Compton was giving a tour to some high school students. As he was relating the Paramount Joe story, he realized that he was always talking about Joe, and not to him. So as he spoke to the students, he stopped and called out, "Joe, are you here? Is it okay that I tell your story?" While he swears that he then heard a seat squeak, that is not the most chilling part of this story. Compton relates how he received a call the very next day from a psychic who lived in the area. She asked him if someone in his family or a close friend had recently died because she had gotten a message from "the other side." He said no that he could think of no one. "Well, she said, "I&#39;m supposed to tell you that Joe said he is here."</p><br>
<h2>The Paramount Players</h2><br>
<p>The Paramount Players are a group of local actors that come together and audition for the various straight plays and musicals that are produced under the direction of Paramount Arts Center&#39;s Director of Education, Melanie Sweeney. Anyone of any age is welcome to audition for these shows.</p><br>
<p>Volakas  is a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pyrgos, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 70.790 km. Its seat of administration was in the town of Epitalio.</p><br>
<p>Volakas is situated on the Ionian Sea coast, southeast of Pyrgos and southwest of Olympia. The river Alfeios forms the northern border of the municipal unit. There are wooded hills in the northeastern part of Volakas, the southwestern part along the coast is flat and used for agriculture. The Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kyparissia) and the railway from Pyrgos to Kalamata run through Volakas. Operations at the small airport of Epitalio (ICAO: LGEP) have been suspended.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Volakas is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Epitalio (Epitalio, Paralia)</p><br>
<p>Agridi</p><br>
<p>Alfeiousa</p><br>
<p>Anemochori</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>The Klein Matterhorn  is a peak of the Pennine Alps, overlooking Zermatt in the Swiss canton of Valais. At 3,883 m above sea level, it is the highest place in Europe that can be reached by aerial tramway, as well as by any other means of transport. The Klein Matterhorn is part of the Breithorn massif and overlooks on its south side the almost equally high flat glacier named Breithorn Plateau, just north of the international border with Italy. The name "Klein Matterhorn" is a reference to its much larger neighbour, the Matterhorn, which lies 7 km away across the Theodul Pass.</p><br>
<p>The Klein Matterhorn, with the adjacent ski-lifts to the slightly higher Gobba di Rollin, is also a year-round ski area, marketed as "Matterhorn Glacier Paradise", and part of the international ski area between Zermatt and Breuil-Cervinia.</p><br>
<p>Fast ascends to a height above 3000 m will frequently lead to headaches or other symptoms of altitude sickness with sensitive persons.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of the Klein Matterhorn cable car lift</h2><br>
<p>Even before the construction license application was filed, the building promoter had to negotiate with the Swiss Alpine Club and with the Swiss Nature Conservation Society. These discussions resulted in two large natural reserve zones (the "Matterhorn" region and the "Monte Rosa" region). The third area (the "Schwarzsee-Theodul Glacier-Klein Matterhorn" region) was designated as a tourist zone.</p><br>
<p>Licensing was further delayed until 1969 by the citizens of Zermatt filing a complaint to the governing council of the Canton of Valais. In December 1970, the Swiss government finally gave permission for the cable way, but progress was further delayed until 1973 by objections from environmentalists. Eventually, on 17 December 1973, the Federal Council rejected objections and granted a construction license.</p><br>
<p>The next major obstacle proved to be the recruitment of a work force to build the lift system. At altitudes of 3000 to 4000m above sea level, worker productivity would be reduced by up to 50% compared to normal levels, and workers would be required to live for weeks on end within the camps.</p><br>
<p>The construction of this cable car started in August 1976 at all three construction sites: the valley terminal, the three tower sites and the mountain terminal. Creation of the mountain terminal was a difficult undertaking. Some 2000 cubic metres of concrete were used in the mountain station, all of which had to be transported there by helicopter in specially insulated tanks, mixed with warm water and 2% anti-freeze. Weather conditions at the work site (3,820 metres above sea level) in high mountain terrain were extreme: temperatures falling to minus 40 °C, snowfalls, and high winds of over 100 km/h.</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 1977 the track, hand and counter cables totalling 35.8 km in length and weighing to 300 tonnes were dragged from Schweigmatten to Trockener Steg, a massive undertaking in itself. It took several weeks to cover the distance of 3,600 meters (11,808 feet), with a vertical altitude of almost 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) and to rewind the cables on their reels.</p><br>
<p>On December 1978, all four track cables were installed, and all remaining operations were completed by the spring of 1979. In the fall of 1979, the two 100 passenger cabins were flown from the village of Täsch to the valley terminal, attached to the hanger frames with the carriages lifted onto the track cables, with operations starting on 23 December, the start of the winter season. The Cable car was built by Von Roll LTD Bern Switzerland.</p><br>
<h2>Current operation</h2><br>
<p>The Klein Matterhorn is at the end of a multi-stage cable car journey from Zermatt, via Furi and Trockener Steg. The last station lies at a height of 3,820 m, on the north side of the peak. A tunnel connects it with the Breithorn Plateau on the south side. There is also a panoramic view platform on the top which can be reached by elevator—located midway through the tunnel—followed by a 10 m climb up stairs. The Ice Cave ("Glacier Grotto") is just outside the southern entrance with a view into the glacier below. As of 2005, over 14 million passengers had visited since completion, an average of 560,000 per year. The carriages were refurbished in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The station is a high-alpine environment, and in the thin air one must use caution when making any physical effort. If possible, take time to acclimatise on the way to the Klein Matterhorn. There are plenty of warnings about this on the way up.</p><br>
<p>The lift serves the largest and highest summer-ski area in Europe. During summer months one can find many professional, as well as beginner, skiers here. Access to the ski slopes is via a tunnel blasted straight through the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Klein Matterhorn is a starting point to several 4000-metre summits that can be reached within a few hours. These include the Breithorn and its subsidiary peaks, Pollux and Castor.</p><br>
<h2>Plans</h2><br>
<p>On December 9, 2005, the ZBAG (Zermatt Bergbahnen AG, the owner of this station) announced plans to significantly expand the facilities at the Klein Matterhorn. They had ordered studies from five large Swiss architectural firms stating some of the following demands: new heating-, water-, waste- and electricity-installations, new toilets, shop and cafeteria, restaurant, mountain cabin (40 beds, SAC (Schweizer Alpen-Club) style), new panoramic platform (new elevator), underground access to the gletscher palast (ice cave) and spare room for 2 cableways: one from Trockener Steg (3-cable gondola) and one from Testa Grigia (double cable car). Additionally: a private investor (Heinz Julen) launched the idea of a hotel. Official press announcement (in German)</p><br>
<p>It was announced in July 2006 the winning design for this construction was to consist of a pyramid of glass, with an observation platform at 4,000 meters with sky lifts on the outer wall to whisk passengers to the "new summit". Zermatt Mountain Cableways seem intent on marketing the construction as "the newest 4,000+ meter peak in the Alps".</p><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki is a 1,377 m mountain, on the border of Maibara, Shiga Prefecture, and Ibigawa, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, and is also included on the lists of the 100 Kinki Mountains and the 50 Shiga Mountains. Mount Ibuki is the highest mountain in Shiga Prefecture.</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki is the highest peak in the Ibuki Mountains, which stretch from north to south along the border of Shiga Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture. Located at the southern end of the mountain chain with the Suzuka Mountains not too far to the south, a small plain at the foot of this mountain, Sekigahara, became one of the most important strategic points throughout Japanese history.</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki is well known for receiving the world&#39;s heaviest snowfall in recorded history. On February 14, 1927, the depth of snow at the top of the peak was 11.82 m according to government records, which is a world record. Since ancient times, Mount Ibuki has also been known for its rich variety of wild plants and animals, as well as for its beautiful shape.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with mild summers and cold winters.</p><br>
<h2>Route</h2><br>
<p>There are two ways to ascend Mount Ibuki. The easiest way is to use the Ibuki Driveway. The summit is a 10-minute walk from the parking lot. There is also a bus going from Sekigahara Station up to the parking lot in the summer months. The alternative method is to simply climb the mountain from its base. Many climbers climb from the Ibuki-Tozanguchi bus stop, which is 10 minutes by bus from Omi-Nagaoka Station on the Tōkaidō Main Line. Until 2011 there was a gondola going to the ski resort Sangome about halfway on the mountain slope. Both have been shut down since then and all the lifts have been removed.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Ibuki-Tozanguchi Bus Stop of Kokoku Bus from Ōmi-Nagaoka Station or Nagahama Station</p><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki from Mount Ikeda.jpgFrom Mount Ikeda</p><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki from Ibi River 1998-02-16.jpgFrom Ibi River</p><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki (from Maibara Kashiwabara).JPGFrom Maibara</p><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki from Mount Ryozen (2013-05-17 s2).JPGFrom Mount Ryozen</p><br>
<p>Pond Mishima and Mount Ibuki.jpgFrom Pond Mishima</p><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki (from Kohoku mizudori station).JPGFrom Kohoku Mizudori station</p><br>
<p>Mount Ibuki from Shizumagahara.jpgFrom Shizumagahara</p><br>
<p>Franchthi cave or Frankhthi cave  is a cave overlooking the Argolic Gulf opposite the village of Koilada in southeastern Argolis, Greece.</p><br>
<p>The cave was occupied from the Upper Paleolithic circa 38,000 BCE (and possibly earlier) through the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, with occasional short episodes of apparent abandonment. Last occupied around 3,000 BCE (Final Neolithic), it is one of the very few settlements in the world that shows nearly continuous human occupation for such an extended period of time, and is one of the most thoroughly studied sites from the stone age in southeastern Europe.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation History</h2><br>
<p>Professor T.W. Jacobsen, Professor of Classical Archaeology and Classical Studies at Indiana University, began excavations at Franchthi Cave in 1967. The dig was only intended to temporarily occupy Jacobsen, and his fellow researcher, M.H. Jameson, for one short season, while they waited for land use issues to be resolved at a nearby site. But it soon became clear that Franchthi cave was more important than they had anticipated. The excavation, overseen by Jacobsen, would continue for nearly a decade, ending in 1976. Since then numerous scholars have examined the extensive finds.</p><br>
<h2>Paleolithic</h2><br>
<p>During much of its history Franchthi was significantly further from the coastline than it is today, due to lower sea levels that have since risen around 400 ft. Thus, its inhabitants looked out on a coastal plain that was slowly submerged over the course of their occupation.</p><br>
<p>During the Upper Paleolithic Franchthi Cave was seasonally occupied by a small group (or groups), probably in the range of 25 - 30 people, who mainly hunted wild ass and red deer, carrying a stone tool kit of flint bladelets and scrapers. Its use as a campsite increased considerably after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), with occasional hiatus in the sequence of occupation. Obsidian from the island of Melos appears at Franchthi as early as 13,000 BCE, offering the earliest evidence of seafaring and navigational skills by anatomically modern humans in Greece. (There is evidence that suggests ancient mariners - such as Homo Erectus or Homo Heidelbergensis - may have reached Crete at least 130,000 years ago.)</p><br>
<h2>Mesolithic</h2><br>
<p>An apparent break in the occupation of Franchthi cave occurred during the Younger Dryas climate cooling event, after which a Mesolithic culture appeared as the world settled into the warm Holocene climate that continues today. The Mesolithic is represented by only a few sites in Greece, and, like Franchthi, nearly all of them are close to the coast. They did not rely as heavily on big game as their predecessors, probably due to the changing climate and environment; instead they broadened their resource base to include a variety of small game, wild plants, fish and mollusks. The evidence of increased fish bones and increased use of obsidian from Melos at Franchthi during this period shows they were accomplished seafarers. There is a notable stretch spanning several hundred years (circa 7,900 – 7,500 BCE) when tuna became a major part of the diet at Franchthi cave, implying deep sea fishing. It has also been suggested that the tuna could have been caught by placing nets near the shore. A few graves have been found buried in the cave during the Mesolithic that suggest care for the dead.</p><br>
<h2>Neolithic</h2><br>
<p>The cave also contains some of the earliest evidence for agriculture in Greece. Around 7,000 BCE the remains of domesticated plants and animals are found among the usual wild plant and animal species hunted and gathered during the Mesolithic, suggesting that either the inhabitants of Franchthi had begun to practice agriculture or were trading for seeds and meat with the Neolithic people who had recently arrived from the Near East. There has been some debate about whether agriculture developed locally in Greece, or was introduced by colonists. It is now generally believed that emigrants from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B cultures of the Near East arrived by boat at the beginning of the seventh millennium BCE to settle Greece(c.6,900 BCE), introducing agriculture. For some time the evidence from Franchthi was used as an example in support of locally developed agriculture, but more detailed study of the remains has demonstrated that the evidence supports the foreign introduction of domesticated plants and animals. The Mesolithic hunter gatherers of Greece rapidly adopted the methods introduced to them by Neolithic colonists, including at Franchthi Cave. During the Neolithic main occupancy of the cave shifted to an area outside the entrance, called the Paralia (the seaside), where terracing walls for growing crops were built. It is believed the inhabitants also occupied a village below the Paralia, which is now submerged beneath the sea. Several anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines have been recovered at Franchthi from the Neolithic era, and it has been suggested that the site may have served as a workshop for making cockle-shell beads to trade with inland communities during the Early Neolithic. The cave and the Paralia were abandoned around 3,000 BCE.</p><br>
<p>Palekastro  is a small village at the east end of the Mediterranean island Crete.</p><br>
<p>It is a historic site. Already in Minoan times the region was a centre of trade. The port of Itanos, today several meters below sea level, is mentioned in ancient times. The very extensive Minoan commercial settlement Roussolakkos close to the Chiona beach, excavated by English archaeologists, clearly shows that the region was one of the most important commercial centres of the Minoan culture in the extreme east of the island of Crete. The Palaikastro Kouros is a carved figure of a youth that was recovered in fragments between 1987 and 1990.</p><br>
<p>The village remains free from mass tourism. The main business of the approximately 1100 inhabitants continues to be agriculture. Olives and grape vines are cultivated and a few fisherman remain. Commercial fishing however is difficult these days because of the substantial over fishing of the Mediterranean Sea. Tourism is an important source of supplementary income and is likely to remain so.</p><br>
<p>At the east edge of the village, visible from a distance, there is a flat hill called Kastri(s). This hill gave Palekastro its name in the Middle Ages when the region was dominated by the sovereign power of Venice. On its flat summit the Venetians established a fortress. In the course of the centuries the stones were cleared away and used by the people of the region to build houses.</p><br>
<h2>Trivia</h2><br>
<p>Finnish progressive rock band Kingston Wall have a song titled Palékastro on their album II.</p><br>
<p>Lake Argyle is Western Australias largest and Australias second largest freshwater man-made reservoir by volume. The reservoir is part of the Ord River Irrigation Scheme and is located near the East Kimberley town of Kununurra. The lake flooded large parts of the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley on the Kimberley Plateau about 80 km inland from the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, close to the border with the Northern Territory.</p><br>
<p>The primary inflow is the Ord River, while the Bow River and many other smaller creeks also flow into the dam.</p><br>
<p>The lake is a DIWA-listed wetland. as it is the largest lake in northern Australia and an excellent example of a man-made lake. Additionally Lake Argyle, along with Lake Kununurra, are recognised as a Ramsar protected wetlands and were listed in 1990 as Australian Site Number 32.</p><br>
<h2>History and construction</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the Ord River Dam was completed in 1971 by the American Dravo Corporation. The dam was officially opened the following year. The dam wall is 335 m long, and 98 m high. The earth-fill only dam wall at Lake Argyle is the most efficient dam in Australia in terms of the ratio of the size of the dam wall to the amount of water stored. The lake was named after the property it partly submerged, Argyle Downs.</p><br>
<p>Ord River Dam post office opened on 1 March 1969 and closed on 15 November 1971 demonstrating the approximate duration of the construction camp.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, the spillway wall was raised by 6 m, which doubled the dams capacity. Sediment flowing into the dam caused concerns in the mid-1990s that the dams capacity could be dramatically reduced. By 2006 continual regeneration of the upper Ord catchment appeared to have reduced the amount of sediment inflow.</p><br>
<h2>Water supply</h2><br>
<p>Lake Argyle normally has a surface area of about 1,000 km&sup2;. The storage capacity, to the top of the spillway is 10,763 GL. The lake filled to capacity in 1973, and the spillway flowed until 1984. Lake Argyle&#39;s usual storage volume is 5,797 GL, making it the largest reservoir in Australia. The combined Lake Gordon/Lake Pedder system in Tasmania is larger but is two dams connected by a canal. At maximum flood level, Lake Argyle would hold 35,000 GL of water and cover a surface area of 2,072 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>Lake Argyle, together with Lake Kununurra, is part of the Ord River Irrigation Scheme. There are currently some 150 km&sup2; of farmland under irrigation in the East Kimberly region. The original plan was for dam water to irrigate rice crop for export to China. However these plans were scuttled as waterfowl, particularly magpie geese ate rice shoots quicker than they could be planted. Other crops are now grown, but Lake Argyle still remains Australia&#39;s most under-utilised lake.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The damming of the Ord River has caused major changes to the environment. Flows to the Ord River have been severely reduced. Within Lake Argyle itself a thriving new eco-system has developed. The lake is recognised as an important wetland area under the Ramsar Convention; with Lake Kununurra it forms the Lakes Argyle and Kununurra Ramsar Site.</p><br>
<p>The lake is now home to 26 species of native fish and a population of freshwater crocodiles currently estimated at some 25,000. Fish species that are present in Lake Argyle include barramundi, southern saratoga, archer fish, forktail cat fish, mouth almighty, long tom, bony bream and sleepy cod. While the official website states that only incidentally a saltwater crocodile is found, other experts disagree.</p><br>
<p>Cane toads reached the dam in late 2008, mostly via traveling along the Victoria Highway, with numbers rising significantly during the 2009 summer.</p><br>
<h3>Birds</h3><br>
<p>The lake, with its surrounding mudflats and grasslands, has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports about 150,000 waterbirds with twelve species being represented in large enough numbers to be considered internationally significant. The mud flats and grasslands are the natural habitat of eight wader species also represented in internationally significant numbers, along with a healthy population of Australian bustards which are considered a near threatened species. Birds for which the lake has global importance include magpie geese, wandering whistling-ducks, green pygmy-geese, Pacific black ducks, hardheads, black-necked storks, white-headed stilts, red-capped plovers, Oriental plovers, black-fronted dotterels, long-toed stints and sharp-tailed sandpipers.</p><br>
<p>Common larger-bodied bird species found at the lake include the Australian pelican, black swan, eastern great egret, royal spoonbill, osprey and wedge-tailed eagle. Common smaller-bodied bird species include the spinifex pigeon, peaceful dove, common sandpiper, white-winged tern and budgerigar, while mid-sized bird species include the red-winged parrot, blue-winged kookaburra and barking owl.</p><br>
<p>Some threats identified by the IBA include invasive weed and animal species, such as the cane toad, as well as agricultural uses, free range cattle and feral ungulates that may be over-grazing in the shallow areas around the lake. The IBA recommends that a fence be installed in the important shallows in the south and east to prevent all ungulates from entering those lake areas.</p><br>
<p>Zagori , is a region and a municipality in the Pindus mountains in Epirus, in northwestern Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Asprangeloi. It has an area of some 1,000 square kilometers and contains 46 villages known as Zagori villages , and is in the shape of an upturned equilateral triangle. The southern corner of the triangle contains the provincial capital, Ioannina, the south-western side is formed by Mount Mitsikeli , and the Aoos river and Mount Tymfi constitute the northern side, and the south-eastern side runs along the Varda river to Mount Mavrovouni  near Metsovo. The municipality has an area of 989.796 km. The population of the area is about 3,700, which gives a population density of 4 inhabitants per square kilometer, compared to an average of 73.8 for Greece as a whole.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Zagori is an area of great natural beauty, with striking geology and two National Parks, one including the river Aoos and the Vikos Gorge, the other around Valia Kalda, to the east of the imposing snow-capped Mt Tymphe. The 46 or so villages of Zagori were interconnected by mountain roads and traditional arched stone bridges until modern roads were opened in the 1950s. The stone arched bridges were built by benefactions from expatriate merchants in the 18th century and replaced older wooden bridges.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The region has been historically difficult to access due to its mountainous terrain; this contributed to its security and stability rather than being a disadvantage. The Sarakatsani people who can be found in this area use several Greek words of a Northern Greek dialect not commonly found in Greek elsewhere. They are consequently considered by some as indigenous to the area.</p><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>The first evidence of human presence in the area is dated between 17,000 and 10,000 years ago. Important epipaleolithic artifacts have been unearthed from Kleidi Cave on the banks of Voidomatis. In antiquity, the region of Zagori was inhabited by the Tymphaeans and formed a part of the ancient kingdom of the Molossians, a Greek tribe of Epirus that gained control over all of Epirus in classical times. They were known for a breed of huge war-mastiffs they used in military operations. Molossus, their eponymous ancestor, was said to have been born of a union between Neoptolemus (son of Achilles ) and Andromache (the wife of Hector of Troy). Neoptolemus, also called Pyrrhus for his blond hair, was first in a line of Epirotan kings leading to the king Pyrrhus of Hellenistic times who launched several campaigns against the Romans in Italy. Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great, was from the ancient town of "Molossis" which was located in the area in front of Konitsa, in the northern boundary of Zagori, where the rivers Voidomatis, Aoös and Sarantaporos come together. Remains of cyclopean walls in Skamneli also testify to the antiquity of human occupation. During the 9th–4th centuries B.C., a small Molossian settlement existed between Monodendri and Vitsa, including stone houses and two cemeteries which have yielded important findings. However, throughout most of the historical time the local population was sparse while the land provided mainly for pastoralism and firewood for the local needs.</p><br>
<h3>Byzantine period</h3><br>
<p>The passage of the Slavs during the early Byzantine period is testified to by numerous placenames. The placename "Zagori" itself is probably derived from the Slavic Zagore meaning "beyond the mountains". Under the Byzantine Empire, Zagori occasionally attracted groups of soldiers who built villages and settled there. Several monasteries were endowed, including the monastery of Votsa near the village of Greveniti and the monastery of the Transfiguration near Kleidonia, founded in the 7th century by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonatus and the monastery of St John of Rogovou near Tsepelovo founded in 1028 by the sister of Emperor Romanos III Argyros.</p><br>
<p>From 1204 to 1337 the region was part of the local Despotate of Epirus. In the 14th century, when various Albanian clans made incursions into Epirus, Zagori formed a bastion of Hellenism in Epirus and was the source of soldiers that served in the Ioannina garrison. As a result of the campaigns of Andronikos III Paleologos in 1337, the Despotate of Epirus and, therefore, Zagori along with Ioannina and the surrounding region came again briefly under Byzantine rule.</p><br>
<p>The region came under Serbian rule in 1348 and the Despotate of Epirus was reformed and was under Latin rule by Carlo II Tocco when Ioannina and Zagori fell to the Turks in 1430, at the time of Sultan Murad II. Zagori (which then only consisted of 14 villages) «bowed the knee», which meant in practice that there were obligations between delegations of the two sides and a sum in tax was agreed upon in exchange for very considerable privileges: autonomy, administrative independence, and a ban on Turks crossing the borders into the area.</p><br>
<h3>Ottoman period</h3><br>
<p>The Koinon of the Zagorisians (Κοινόν Ζαγορισίων) was formed after the treaty of 1431 with Sinan-Pasha. At that point the arrangement that granted local autonomy was called “Voiniko”. The autonomy guaranteed non-interference in the local affairs by the Ottoman overlords. Zagorisians had their affairs entrusted to a Council of Elders called Demogerontia (Δημογεροντία), headed by a president or governor called Vekylis (Βεκύλης). They were allowed to maintain an armed security force of Sipahi (σπαχήδες). The villages of the Eastern Zagori, inhabited by Aromanian Vlachs, entered the Treaty in 1480. Consequently, many toponyms in northern and eastern Zagori have Aromanian etymology, while some toponyms with Slavic etymology are present in western and southern Zagori. Nevertheless, Zagori retained much of its Greek character through its system of government and the benefactions of its expatriates that favoured Greek education. The Koinon of the Zagorisians was reformalised by a treaty signed in 1670, under which Zagori enjoyed considerable privileges called Surutia, which were only rescinded fully by the Sultan in 1868.</p><br>
<p>This solution suited the conquerors and was also the salvation of Zagori, as it added statutory rules to the geographical factors which had made it a natural refuge. Consequently, Zagori was never broken up to be shared out among Turkish landowners. It gained a large population of merchants with links to Romania, Russia and Constantinople, who came to be the ruling class of the area and contributed to the relative prosperity Zagori enjoyed during the period of Turkish rule.</p><br>
<p>In the 17th century, the villages of Western Zagori were also admitted to the Treaty, so that by 1678 the total number of villages in Zagori had increased to 60. During the 18th century schools for both boys and girls were built, watermills to grind the corn and the water supply was decorated with ornamental fountains. Traditional medicine flourished in the form of “Vikos doctors”, who gathered herbs for their preparations from the Vikos gorge. The growing prosperity, aided by privileges obtained by Phanariotes of Zagorisian descent and benefactions from expatriates, allowed the building of several schools, some still surviving, for example the Common School of Greek Studies (Greek: Κοινή Σχολή Ελληνικών Μαθημάτων) in Monodendri built by the brothers Manthos and Georgios Rizaris (1835). The brothers also funded the building of the Rizareios Ecclesiastical School in Athens (1844), while Zagori itself was under full Ottoman rule. The brothers Ioannis and Demetrios Anagnostopoulos from Dilofo founded the Anagnostopouleios in their home village and contributed to the expenses for the Zosimaia School in Ioannina. Michael Anagnostopoulos from Papingo built the Kallineios School in Papingo and the Anagnostopouleios School in Konitsa. As a result of the numerous schools, the Greek language was preserved in the area.</p><br>
<p>As the mountains were outside the direct rule of the Ottoman Empire, they offered a haven for Greeks on the run from the Ottoman authorities. Several prominent scholars of the Greek Enlightenment, such as Neofytos Doukas and Athanasios Psalidas sought refuge here, after the Sultan’s army destroyed Ioannina in 1820. Some among them even made plans to set up a university in the monastery of St John of Rogovou, near Tsepelovo. In 1820, after the rebellion of Ali Pasha, a Turkish force of 1500 under Ismael Pasha arrived in Zagori, part of the total army of 20,000 sent against Ali Pasha. Alexis Noutsos from Kapesovo, a member of the Filiki Eteria, was in command of the force opposing Ismael Pasha. However, the Sultan&#39;s armies prevailed. Ismael Pasha removed most privileges other than the right to appoint a local governor (Vekylis), whose powers however became nominal. Ismael Pasha introduced very heavy taxation, amounting to 250 silver coins per person and additional taxation in kind. Albanian and local bandits began looting raids once again. Zagori was liberated in 1913 during the Balkan Wars.</p><br>
<h3>Modern period</h3><br>
<p>Following the union with Greece after the Balkan Wars, emigration to the Greek urban centres depopulated Zagori. Zagori bore the brunt of the Italian attack on Greece in 1940. The area became additionally affected by the conflicts between the Germans and the partisans of Napoleon Zervas during the Second World War. At that time several of the villages of Zagori and the monastery of Votsa were burned in German reprisals. The area became almost deserted during the Greek Civil War of 1946–49. Since the 1980s, state initiatives aim to preserve the traditional character of the villages and the natural landscape.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore</h2><br>
<p>Unique customs are associated with ancient Greek, pagan or Christian festivals. The larger churches and monasteries celebrate their nominal saint feast with a festival that can last several days.</p><br>
<p>Characteristic songs of mourning (moirologia) accompany the lamentation of the dead. Funerary rites include the exhumation of the bones of the deceased following a period of 1–3 years. The bones are washed, perfumed and placed in a wooden larnax and kept in ossuaries in each village.</p><br>
<h2>Traditional architecture</h2><br>
<p>Villages are built around a central square, also called mesochori (village centre) with a large church, a plane tree and a public fountain. Cobbled streets and footpaths interconnect the rest of the village. Each individual neighbourhood has a smaller church.</p><br>
<h3>Churches</h3><br>
<p>Most churches in Zagori date from the 17–18th centuries onwards, although some older foundations survive. In most villages the main church consists of a sizeable basilica built of stone with a wooden roof covered by slate. They are decorated by mainly Epirotan iconographers in the Byzantine tradition. The entrance to the church may be protected by a colonnaded arcade. The campanile is usually detached from the church.</p><br>
<h3>Houses</h3><br>
<p>Houses until the 18th century were simple rectangular dwellings, often with only a ground floor and with ancillary areas in the basement used as stables. Indeed, this appears to be the style of construction of the dwellings in the excavated Molossian site near Vitsa. Houses are built of local stone and have a slate roof. The roof slates are held together without cement, only by the weight of the slates above them. The slate roof therefore requires continual upkeep, subjected as it is to heavy snowfalls during the winter months.</p><br>
<p>That older type was developed through the 18–19th centuries into more complex styles all the way to the multi-storied manors of the wealthier families of the late 18th century. Many houses are fronted by a walled courtyard or garden. The courtyard gate is an edifice in itself, covered by a slate roof and connecting the house to the rest of the village. In addition to the house, there are ancillary buildings, usually a “mageirio” (kitchen), an external toilet at the furthest corner from the kitchen, and stables. The main house is built with walls up to a meter thick that may have an internal sand compartment for insulation against the cold. The house entrance opens into the foyer called “hagiati” which leads to adjoining rooms called “ondas” or “mantzato”. The hagiati originally was and sometimes still is a partially open area in front of the house. The name is probably derived from the Persian word Hayāt, a style of Persian garden with pavilions or other edifices. The mantzato is the main room for the winter months with a fireplace, a “tavla” (table) and seating areas that can be used as beds, called “basia”. Opposite the fireplace there is a walled closet called “mesantra”. As an aid to its function, the mantzato often has a location in the south of the house.</p><br>
<p>A usually wooden staircase leads from the hagiati to the upper floor landing called “krevatta”. This is a space between the bedrooms. In rare cases, the krevatta opens into a small balcony covered by a wooden roof. “Glavané” is a small entrance to the attic. The basement of the house contains cellars and other storage areas that may be used as additional quarters for animals.</p><br>
<p>Few of the old manors survive, most having fallen victim to disrepair. In those that survive, the ondas room is the most spacious, has a large fireplace and may have floral frescoes. It was used for the reception of guests.</p><br>
<h2>The Vikos Gorge</h2><br>
<p>At the heart of the Vikos–Aoös National Park, the Vikos Gorge or Vikos Canyon is the most impressive and famous natural monument of Zagori. The entire Vikos Gorge channel, a dry seasonal river during most time of the year, is about 38 km long. The deepest part of the gorge is about 12 km long. In the middle of its main part it is crossed by Megas Lakkos, an equally deep and wild branch, far from road access or villages. At the end or the mouth of Vikos Gorge, the Voidomatis river has its sources and then continues to flow through its own smaller gorge. The Vikos Gorge at 990m deep near Monodendri and 1350 m near its end. It is one of the deepest in the world, indeed the deepest in proportion to its width. The Vikos Gorge is also a site of major scientific interest, because it is in almost virgin condition, is a haven for endangered species and contains many and varied ecosystems.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality and villages</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Zagori was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following five former municipalities, that became municipal units (constituent communities in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Central Zagori (Agios Minas, Ano Pedina, Aristi, Asprangeloi, Vitsa, Dikorfo, Dilofo, Dipotamo, Elati, Elafotopos, Kaloutas, Kato Pedina, Manassis, Mesovouni, Monodendri</p><br>
<p>East Zagori (Agia Paraskevi, Anthrakitis, Greveniti, Demati, Doliani, Elatochori, Itea, Kavallari, Karyes, Kastanonas, Makrino, Petra, Potamia, Tristeno, Flambourari)</p><br>
<p>Papigko</p><br>
<p>Tymfi (Vradeto, Vrysochori, Iliochori, Kapesovo, Kipoi, Koukouli, Laista, Leptokarya, Negades, Skamneli, Tsepelovo, Frangades)</p><br>
<p>Vovousa</p><br>
<h2>Famous Zagorites</h2><br>
<h3>Art</h3><br>
<p>John Cassavetes, actor and director</p><br>
<p>Marika Kotopouli, actress</p><br>
<p>Alekos Sakellarios, director</p><br>
<p>Dimitrios Kotopoulis, actor</p><br>
<p>Dimitrios Myrat, actor</p><br>
<h3>Commerce and Philanthropy</h3><br>
<p>Manthos and Georgios Rizaris, benefactors, merchants, members of Filiki Eteria and founders of the Rizarios Hieratical School in Athens</p><br>
<p>Konstantinos and Pavlos Paschalis, benefactors from Kapesovo</p><br>
<p>Aggeliki Papazoglou, benefactor</p><br>
<p>Alexios Plakidas, merchant and benefactor</p><br>
<p>Konstantinos Rantos, merchant and member of the Filiki Eteria</p><br>
<h3>Education and Literature</h3><br>
<p>Methodios Anthrakites (1660–1736), scholar and priest</p><br>
<p>Neophytos Doukas (1760–1845), scholar</p><br>
<p>Georgios Gennadios (1786–1854), scholar</p><br>
<p>Anastasios Sakellarios, director of Zosimea School (1833–1862) of Ioannina</p><br>
<p>Angelos Kitsos (1934–2008), former president of Rizarios Foundation</p><br>
<p>Konstantinos Lazarides, scholar and botanologist</p><br>
<h3>Politics</h3><br>
<p>Manthos Oikonomou, chancellor of Ali Pasha, member of Filiki Eteria</p><br>
<p>Michael Dukakis, US politician and Democratic presidential nominee in 1988</p><br>
<p>Lefteris Zagoritis, former member of the Greek Parliament</p><br>
<p>Vitsa  is one of the largest villages of central Zagori. It is situated at an altitude of 955m on a mountain slope near the Vikos gorge with roads linking it to Greek National Road 6. Vitsa is famous for its old double-arched bridge of Missios.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During ancient times, Zagori was inhabited by the Molossians. Excavations in the location Genitsari near Vitsa led to the discovery of a settlement possibly of the Tymphaeans or the Molossians dated to the 9th until the 4th century BC. There were signs of the foundations of small buildings from the archaic (geometric) and classical periods and a graveyard with at least 140 graves that contained coins, pottery and weaponry.</p><br>
<p>The establishment of the village of Vitsa is referred to in other documents from 1321 to 1361, under the name of Vezitsa. Some buildings from Byzantine times are still preserved. The village is divided by a chasm in two districts that were once different villages called Ano Vitsa and Kato Vitsa (Upper and Lower Vitsa). These two villages were always considered, along with Monodendri, as more or less one village, due to their small distance.</p><br>
<p>After 1430, when the Ottomans conquered Ioannina, Vitsa and the rest of Zagori villages formed an autonomous federation, the Commons of the Zagorisians (Κοινόν των Ζαγορισίων). Further privileges were granted to the Commons of the Zagorisians due to the influence of Phanariot Zagorisians over the court of the Sultan, and were preserved until 1868. According to these privileges, Zagori was autonomous and self-governed under the surveillance of the Vekylis of Zagori. Another important privilege that the Zagorians had was the freedom to practice their Christian faith. The absence of direct Ottoman rule helped the inhabitants attain a good standard of living. The main source of income in the 18th and 19th centuries was from remittances from expatriates, as elsewhere in Zagori.</p><br>
<p>Vitsa became a cultural center for the Zagori region and was the birthplace of people such as the Sarros family (among them politicians and engineers involved at the Suez Canal works in the 19th century) and Nikolaidis (man of literature).</p><br>
<p>Since the 17th century and until World War II, (when Zagorisian traditional emigration ended), most people from Vitsa would emigrate to Egypt, Asia Minor and the United States. Inside geographical Greece, they mostly emigrated to Macedonia.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the double arched bridge of Missios (built in 1748 AD), there is the church of Agios Georgios or of the Taxiarches from 1607 AD, the church of Agios Nikolaos (1612 AD, with well preserved frescoes), the church of the Dormition of the Virgin (Κοιμήσεως της Θεοτόκου) from 1554 (repaired in 1720-1728) in Lower Vitsa, the manors of Belogiannis, Vasdekis and Skevis and the Vrizopouleios School. The church of the Stavropegiac Monastery of Prophetes Elias (1632) survives in the north of Vitsa. It was founded upon an older foundation of a small 14th-century church of the Transfiguration of Christ.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore</h2><br>
<p>Vitsa celebrates the Feast of the Dormition of the Virgin (15 August).</p><br>
<p>Petroupoli  is a suburb in the northwestern part of Athens Metropolitan Area, in Greece. Petroupoli was part of the community of Nea Liosia until 1946, when it became a separate community. It was elevated to municipality status in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Petroupoli is situated in the eastern foothills of the Egaleo mountain, 7 km northwest of Athens city centre. The municipality has an area of 6.597 km. Its main streets (25 March Ave., Anatolikis Romylias St. and Perikleous St.) connect the town with Ilion and Peristeri.</p><br>
<p>(Association for the Development of Western Athens) regards Petroupoli as the most developed western suburb of the capital.</p><br>
<h2>Culture and education</h2><br>
<p>The Petra Festival takes place every summer. The area&#39;s junior football (soccer) team is named Aris Petroupoli.</p><br>
<p>Petroupoli today incorporates a number of private and 15 public kindergartens, 12 primary schools (11 public and 1 private), 6 public lower secondary schools (gymnasia), 5 public upper secondary schools (lyceums) and one public Technical Secondary School (EPAL).</p><br>
<h2>Mayors and elections</h2><br>
<p>In this area there was once a great tradition of mayors supported by the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). For many years, the suburb&#39;s mayor was Nicolaos Paximadas, supported by the KKE. Following his retirement, another candidate endorsed by KKE, Giorgos Giogos, became mayor of the area for the eight years between 1994 and 2002. In 2002, candidate Stefanos Vlachos was elected, endorsed by both another left party, Synaspismos, and the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). In 2006 elections, Vlachos was re-elected, earning more than 42% of the votes. In the 2010 elections, another communist mayor, Thomas Kotsambas was elected after the eight-year Vlachos era, making Petroupoli the only municipality in Greece that has a mayor supported by the Communist Party. In the 2014 elections the people of Petroupoli elected Vangelis Simos who has also the support of the Communist Party.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>For the town in Styria, see Schwanberg, Austria.</p><br>
<p>Schwanberg is a mountain, or hill of higher elevation (474 m), in the rural district of Kitzingen, Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.</p><br>
<p>It is part of the Steigerwald. In ancient times the mountain was used by the Celts as a refuge. It is probably safe to assume that the mountain has been considered sacred ground since. Later, the counts of Castell build a castle that still exists today. The southern slopes are used for viniculture; the top of the mountain is covered by forest.</p><br>
<p>There are two burial sites on the Schwanberg, the vault of the princes of Castell, as well as the cemetery of the Protestant order Communität Casteller Ring. The latter emerged shortly after the 2nd World War from the Bavarian Girl Scout Movement "Bund Christlicher Pfadfinderinnen" (BCP - there is a German Wiki article about it). Members are still living on the mountain, where they maintain a retreat, the "Geistliches Zentrum Schwanberg" (Spiritual Center Schwanberg).</p><br>
<p>According to legend, Hadeloga, a daughter of Franconian king Pippin, set her veil flying from the top. An abbey should be built wherever it landed. A shepard named Kitz found the veil near the river Main, which allegedly was the origin of the abbey and the town of Kitzingen. A play written for children retells the story; it is occasionally performed by school children of the region.</p><br>
<p>Parts of the region belonged to the county of Castell.</p><br>
<p>One road leads from the Rödelsee to the top of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Towns and villages around the mountain are Castell, Rödelsee, Wiesenbronn, Iphofen, Birklingen and Greuth.</p><br>
<p>Ogston Reservoir is a reservoir operated by Severn Trent Water in Derbyshire. It is near the villages of Brackenfield, Ashover and Clay Cross.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir takes its water from the River Amber and was originally created to supply the National Coal Board&#39;s Carbonisation Plant at Wingerworth; the reservoir now supplies water for the local area and is used as a holding ground for water for nearby Carsington Reservoir. The reservoir covers 200 acres (800,000 m) and holds 1.3 billion imperial gallons (5.9 billion litres) of water.</p><br>
<p>The valley was flooded in 1958 and completely submerged farmland, roads and part of the Ashover Light Railway. The reservoir also destroyed most of the village of Woolley, including the Woolley House Hydro, the village store, the blacksmiths, the joiners, the laundry, the sheep-dip and Napoleons Home, the local public house. The villagers were relocated into council houses built in another local hamlet, Badger Lane, which eventually became known as the village of Woolley on the Moor, which subsequently became the present village of Woolley Moor.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir provides many leisure activities including sailing, windsurfing and trout-fishing. It is especially well known for its bird-life and over 200 species have been recorded at Ogston including Wilsons phalarope, Sabines gull and long-tailed skuas.</p><br>
<p>Ellen MacArthur, best known as a solo long-distance yachtswoman who, on February 7, 2005, broke the world record for the fastest solo circumnavigation of the globe, trained to become a yachtswoman on Ogston Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>This article was prepared using information found on the website of the Woolley Trail, maintained by the local primary school.</p><br>
<p>Dewees Island is a barrier island about 11 miles north of Charleston. The inlet between it and the Isle of Palms is shown on early maps as Spence&#39;s Inlet, but is today called Dewees Inlet. The island is private, consisting only of residential properties and a wildlife preserve. It is accessible only by ferry or private boat.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Probably one of five original hunting islands of the Sewee Indians, the island was under British proprietorship until it was eventually owned by Thomas Cary in 1700. In 1702 he sold Sessions Island (now Capers Island) to William Capers and in 1706 he sold Bull Island to John Collins. Dewees Island was then known as Timicau Island, and somewhere between those two sales, Thomas Cary sold the island to Roger Player, where it passed through a succession of owners, eventually conveying to Cornelius Dewees, of Dutch origin, perhaps as early as 1701.</p><br>
<p>Over time the island has been home to Indians, Revolutionary War soldiers, and Civil War blockades. It has a World War II submarine tower. Dewees Island residents during the 1800s were represented primarily as oystermen and farmers in census records. In the 1800s rice planters began farming on Dewees.</p><br>
<p>Before 1898 land ownership on Dewees Island was complicated by wars, legal disputes and uncertainty. In 1898 John Murphy, a Charleston contractor and alderman, purchased land on the island and became the single owner. On the island Murphy grew artichokes, cane for chairs and raised pigs. Contracted workers harvested oysters and clams. Murphy owned a steamship, Undine, which he used to visit the island.</p><br>
<p>A family (Huyler) lived on the island for much of 1925-52. According to the Dewees Island POA, "The island was purchased by RS Reynolds in 1956 and used as a hunting retreat. An investor partnership bought Dewees in 1972..."</p><br>
<p>The first modern residential homes on Dewees were built in the 1980s on the south end of the island by the Royalls, Bobby Kennedy and others. After the island was devastated by hurricane Hugo, in 1989, the investors invited John Knott to consider further development, and “Island Preservation Partnership” was formed in 1991. With great sensitivity to “living in harmony with nature”, the island was laid out to accommodate 150 building lots, and the infrastructure was put in place.</p><br>
<p>In 1991 Knott, with the Royalls, R. Kennedy IV and others, formed an investment group aimed at developing and preserving the island. "Sales and building followed quickly," according to the POA. The first new homes were built in the 1980s. The island was ceded to the owners in 2007 and has since been managed by the Property Owners Board and the Utility Board.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the island had 150 home sites and very strict building codes requiring a "small footprint and very little clearing of natural vegetation." Information as to the sale of homes or lots was available from two agencies, and Carolina One Real Estate and some were also listed on the Dewees Island POA organization web site. Home rentals were available and could be searched and booked on several web sites. The Community Center, with its full kitchen, included facilities for social and recreational functions as well as a pool and tennis courts.</p><br>
<p>There were no restaurants or stores.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The Dewees Islander passenger-only ferry runs between the Isle of Palms and Dewees Island, a 20-minute trip. Do note that the ferry is "private transportation for the owners, their families and guests, renters on the island and service providers. Everyone who rides the ferry must be pre-registered by an owner in order to be allowed entry to the island." The primary mode of transportation on Dewees is electric golf carts; the use of gas-powered vehicles is prohibited, with exceptions for some work vehicles used for construction and maintenance.</p><br>
<h2>Governance</h2><br>
<p>Dewees is a private island managed by the Dewees Island Property Owners Association ("POA").</p><br>
<p>Water, sewer, garbage removal, recycling and a few other services are provided by a separate company, the Dewees Utility Corporation ("DUC").</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Approximately 2,000 people visit Dewees Island each year. The visitors include owners, owners&#39; guests, renters and ecotourists on specially arranged tours.</p><br>
<p>Devilsmother is a 645 m mountain in Connemara, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Devilsmother is in the Partry Mountains, at the head of Killary Harbour, overlooking the Western Way long-distance path. It sits on the border between County Galway (to the south) and County Mayo (to the north).</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The mountain has two Irish language names: Magairlí an Deamhain (meaning "the demon&#39;s testicles") and Binn Gharbh (meaning "rough peak"). The anglicized spellings Mogarlyandoon and Ben Garrif appear on some historical maps. Originally, it seems that Magairlí an Deamhain was the name of a knobbly ridge north of the summit, while Binn Gharbh applied to the mountain as a whole. The English name Devilsmother may be "a euphemistic false translation" or may be based on an alternative name.</p><br>
<p>The Dayton Art Institute  is a museum of fine arts in Dayton, Ohio, United States. The Dayton Art Institute was rated one of the top 10 best art museums in the United States for kids. The museum also ranks in the top 3% of all art museums in North America in 3 of 4 factors. In 2007, the art institute saw 303,834 visitors.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Founded in a downtown mansion in 1919 as the Dayton Museum of Fine Arts, the museum moved to a newly designed Edward B. Green building in 1930. The DAI was modeled after the Casino in the gardens of the Villa Farnese at Caprarola, and the front hillside stairway after the Italian Renaissance garden stairs at the Villa d&#39;Este, near Rome, and Italy. It is also visible from and easily accessible from I-75, which passes through the center of Dayton.</p><br>
<p>The museum was later renamed the Dayton Art Institute as an indication of the growing importance of its school in addition to the museum. The nearly 60,000 ft&sup2; building is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Museum information</h2><br>
<p>The museum&#39;s collection contains more than 20,000 objects spanning 5,000 years. In September, 2005, the Museum became one of eleven galleries in the US to host The Quest for Immortality: Treasures of Ancient Egypt, the largest collection of ancient artifacts ever to travel outside Egypt.</p><br>
<p>The art museum is an Italian Renaissance–style building, which sits atop a hill overlooking downtown Dayton. The Institutes highlights are the museums Asian, 17th-century Baroque, 18th- and 19th-century American, and contemporary art collections. In addition to its collections, the museum frequently features other exhibitions.</p><br>
<h2>Notable works</h2><br>
<p>Some of the most notable works held by the Institute are:</p><br>
<p>The Song of the Nightingale by William-Adolphe Bouguereau</p><br>
<p>Purple Leaves by Georgia O&#39;Keeffe</p><br>
<p>by Norman Lewis</p><br>
<p>Untitled by Joan Mitchell</p><br>
<p>Sea Change by Helen Frankenthaler</p><br>
<p>Untitled by Louise Nevelson</p><br>
<p>Louise Nevelson by Alison Van Pelt</p><br>
<p>Lost and Found by Alison Saar</p><br>
<p>Embroidery from Uzbekistan by Janet Fish</p><br>
<p>Sawdy by Edward Kienholz</p><br>
<p>Study Heads of an Old Man by Peter Paul Rubens</p><br>
<p>High Noon by Edward Hopper</p><br>
<p>Aurora Red Ikebana with Bright Yellow Stems by Dale Chihuly</p><br>
<p>After the Bath by Edgar Degas</p><br>
<p>Stacks in Celebration by Charles Sheeler</p><br>
<p>Scene in Yosemite Valley by Albert Bierstadt</p><br>
<p>Allegory of the Four Seasons by Bartolomeo Manfredi</p><br>
<p>Water Lilies by Claude Monet</p><br>
<p>American Indian Series (Russell Means) by Andy Warhol</p><br>
<p>Untitled by Jean-Michel Basquiat</p><br>
<p>Homage to Painting by Roy Lichtenstein</p><br>
<p>Mount Olivet Cemetery is a 206 acre cemetery located in Nashville, Tennessee. It is located approximately two miles East of Downtown Nashville, and adjacent to the Catholics Calvary Cemetery. It is open to the public during daylight hours.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Antebellum Era</h3><br>
<p>The Mount Olivet Cemetery was established by Adrian Van Sinderen Lindsley and John Buddeke in 1856. It was modelled after the Mount Auburn Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The Southern aristocracy was buried in a separate section from common folks. These included planters as well as former governors of Tennessee, USA Senators, and USA Congressional Representatives. In the Antebellum era, slaves were often buried with their owners.</p><br>
<p>Visitors to Nashville were buried alongside paupers.</p><br>
<h3>Confederate circle</h3><br>
<p>After the American Civil War, "the Ladies Memorial Society of Nashville with surviving Confederate veterans such as William B. Bate, Daniel Carter, General Benjamin Cheatham, and Thomas Harding purchased 26, 588 square feet in the center of Mount Olivet and established Confederate Circle" for the interment of Confederate dead. It was used for the interment of Confederate soldiers who had died on nearby battlegrounds and as a memorial to their sacrifice. Women organized such memorial associations and raised money for interment of Confederate soldiers in major cities across the South and areas where there were concentrations of bodies. The memorial association arranged for burials of about 1,500 soldiers at Confederate Circle. They also built an obelisk.</p><br>
<h3>World War I and beyond</h3><br>
<p>A plaque in memory of Nashvillians who died in World War I was dedicated by General Hugh Mott in 1924.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was purchased by Stewart Enterprises in 1994.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the chapel, by then listed on the National Register of Historic Places, burned.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Adelicia Acklen, plantation and slave owner.</p><br>
<p>John Meredith Bass, Mayor of Nashville from 1833 to 1834, and again in 1869.</p><br>
<p>William B. Bate, Governor of Tennessee (1883 to 1887), American Civil War general.</p><br>
<p>John Bell, United States Senator and presidential candidate</p><br>
<p>Aaron V. Brown, Governor of Tennessee (1845 to 1847), United States Postmaster General from 1857 to 1859</p><br>
<p>James Stephens Brown, Mayor of Nashville from 1908 to 1909.</p><br>
<p>Lytle Brown, major general in the USA Army.</p><br>
<p>George P. Buell, Union Army general</p><br>
<p>Joseph Wellington Byrns, United States Congressman and Speaker of the House</p><br>
<p>John Catron, USA Supreme Court Justice.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin F. ("Frank") Cheatham, Confederate general during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Mark R. Cockrill (1788-1872), cattleman, planter, and "Wool King of the World".</p><br>
<p>Clarence Kelley Colley (1869-1956), architect.</p><br>
<p>Washington Bogart Cooper (1802–1888), painter.</p><br>
<p>George A. Dickel (1818–1894), liquor dealer and wholesaler</p><br>
<p>Anne Dallas Dudley (1876–1955), women&#39;s suffrage activist.</p><br>
<p>Guilford Dudley, USA ambassador to Denmark under the Nixon and Ford presidential administrations.</p><br>
<p>Edward H. East (1830–1904), Tennessee Secretary of State, briefly served as the state&#39;s "acting governor" in 1865</p><br>
<p>Jesse Babcock Ferguson, onetime minister of the Nashville Church of Christ, later associated with Spiritualism and Universalism</p><br>
<p>Thomas Frist, co-founder of Hospital Corporation of America and father of the former majority leader of the USA Senate, Bill Frist</p><br>
<p>Francis Furman (1816–1899), Nashville businessman during the Reconstruction Era. His tomb, designed by sculptor Johannes Gelert (1852–1923), is the largest one in Mount Olivet Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Sidney Clarence Garrison (1885-1945), second President of Peabody College (now part of Vanderbilt University) from 1938 to 1945.</p><br>
<p>Meredith Poindexter Gentry, United States Congressman</p><br>
<p>Carl Giers, early photographer</p><br>
<p>Alvan Cullem Gillem, Civil War Union general and post-bellum Indian fighter</p><br>
<p>Vern Gosdin 1934–2009 country music legend</p><br>
<p>William Crane Gray, (1835–1919), First Episcopal Bishop of the Missionary Jurisdiction of Southern Florida</p><br>
<p>Felix Grundy (1775–1840), USA Senator from Tennessee and 13th Attorney General of the United States.</p><br>
<p>George Blackmore Guild (1834–1917), Mayor of Nashville from 1891 to 1895.</p><br>
<p>Robert Kennon Hargrove (1829–1905), a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South</p><br>
<p>Henry C. Hibbs (1882–1949), architect.</p><br>
<p>E. Bronson Ingram, founder of Ingram Industries Inc., parent company of Ingram Barge Company; Ingram Book Company, the nation&#39;s largest book distributor; Ingram Micro; and other major companies</p><br>
<p>Howell Edmunds Jackson, United States Senator and Supreme Court Justice</p><br>
<p>William Hicks Jackson, Confederate general during the American Civil War</p><br>
<p>Thomas A. Kercheval, Tennessee State Senator and Mayor of Nashville</p><br>
<p>Eugene C. Lewis, engineer, chairman of the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis, civic leader.</p><br>
<p>David Lipscomb, founder of Nashville Bible School (now Lipscomb University).</p><br>
<p>William Litterer (1834–1917), Mayor of Nashville from 1890 to 1891.</p><br>
<p>George Maney, Confederate Civil War general and USA Ambassador to Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay</p><br>
<p>Jack C. Massey, entrepreneur who helped found or take public Hospital Corporation of America, Kentucky Fried Chicken and two other NYSE-listed companies</p><br>
<p>Hill McAlister, Governor of Tennessee from 1933 to 1937</p><br>
<p>Randal William McGavock (1826–1863), Mayor of Nashville from 1858 to 1859 and Confederate Lt. Colonel who was killed in the Battle of Raymond.</p><br>
<p>Eliza Jane McKissack (1828–1900), founding head of music in 1890 to the forerunner of the University of North Texas College of Music</p><br>
<p>Benton McMillin, Governor of Tennessee (1899 to 1903)</p><br>
<p>Kindred Jenkins Morris (1819–1884), Mayor of Nashville from 1869 to 1871.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Owen Morris (1845–1924), Mayor of Nashville from 1906 to 1908.</p><br>
<p>John W. Morton, Confederate veteran, founder of the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan, Tennessee Secretary of State from 1901 to 1909.</p><br>
<p>William Nichol (1800–1878), Mayor of Nashville from 1835 to 1837.</p><br>
<p>John Overton, friend of Andrew Jackson and one of the founders of Memphis, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Bruce Ryburn Payne (1874-1937), founding president of Peabody College (now part of Vanderbilt University) from 1911 to 1937.</p><br>
<p>Colonel Buckner H. Payne (1799-1889), clergyman, publisher, merchant and racist pamphleteer.</p><br>
<p>James E. Rains, American Civil War general killed in the 1862 Battle of Murfreesboro</p><br>
<p>Fred Rose, music publishing executive.</p><br>
<p>William Percy Sharpe (1871–1942), Mayor of Nashville from 1922 to 1924.</p><br>
<p>John Hugh Smith (1819–1870), Mayor of Nashville, Tennessee three times, from 1845 to 1846, from 1850 to 1853, and from 1862 to 1865.</p><br>
<p>Ernest Stoneman, country music performer</p><br>
<p>Wilbur Fisk Tillett (1854-1936), Methodist clergyman and educator; dean of Vanderbilt&#39;s theology school</p><br>
<p>David K. Wilson (1919-2007), businessman and philanthropist; major donor to Vanderbilt University and the Republican Party.</p><br>
